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good afternoon i'm john yemerick with

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nasa's office of communications welcome

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to the nasa social to preview orion's

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first flight test which is scheduled to

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launch at 7 05 a.m eastern

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from cape canaveral air force station in

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thank you very much we have uh for those

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watching at home we have about 150

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people in the room here at kennedy space

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center the majority of them are nasa

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social media followers uh we also have

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connected to us and tuning in social

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media followers from eight field centers

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across the country

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the hashtag for today's event

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is simply orion that's also the hashtag

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for the test flight

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if you hear us talk about something that

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doesn't quite sound like orion if you

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still continues that hashtag that would

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be appreciated and we're going to be

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talking about things other than just

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orion today at this briefing we're also

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going to talk about for example our

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commercial crew program

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soon we're going to be flying us

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astronauts on american spacecraft to the

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international space station and back and

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also we're gonna be talking about our

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journey to mars and how the orion test

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flight is a stepping stone to that

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endeavor so to get us kicked off let us

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start with our first speaker

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he is a veteran of four

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space flight missions and also the

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director here at kennedy space center

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please help me welcome to the stage bob

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thanks john hey are you guys ready to

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so you realize if you've done the math

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you know we our last flight to the moon

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was in 1972 it's been 52 years since

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we've had a human spacecraft even though

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there isn't a crew member in it go as

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far from planet earth

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as orion is going tomorrow that's pretty

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darn neat this is our stepping stone to

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the future this is our first step into

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deep space exploration into going to

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mars and i think it's absolutely

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outstanding

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uh the administrator is going to be here

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shortly and before he does i just want

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to tell you a little bit about some of

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the transformation going on here at the

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kennedy space center preparing for that

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future i don't know if you've had a

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chance to look out the window here on

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the patio but if you look out to launch

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pad 39b

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the northernmost pad

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it's totally different from how it was

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during shuttle all the shuttle

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infrastructure is off there those three

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big lightning protection system towers

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that are put in place you know that's

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the launch pad we're going to go to mars

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from you know we're flying orion on a

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delta iv heavy right now but the delta

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iv heavy the furthest it's going to get

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orion away from earth it's 3 600

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nautical miles all right it's going to

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re-enter at about 85 percent lunar

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re-entry velocity but that's the best we

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can do with the delta iv we're building

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a space launch system and it's going to

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launch from that pad and it's going to

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eventually take us to mars from that

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launch pad right out that window all the

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shuttle infrastructure is gone it's got

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a new propellant distribution system

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totally refurbished it's got a

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refurbished water suppression system

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it's got fiber optics it's got new

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computers it's going to have a new flame

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trench that is our launch pad for the

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next 30 years over in the vehicle

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assembly building right out the window

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here high bay three all the shuttle

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platforms are gone and when we say

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platform you know you think about

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something the size of the floor of this

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room that's not a platform the platforms

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in there are the size of small buildings

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all that shuttle infrastructure is out

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of there new platforms are going in to

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accommodate the space launch system now

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this rocket starts out at 70 to 90

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metric tons right but it grows to 130

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well those platforms are designed to

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accommodate the evolving outer mold line

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of the vehicle as it gets wider and

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taller up at the top so those platforms

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are designed to adjust eight to ten feet

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up and down and they've got inserts in

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them so that as the outer mold line gets

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wider you can pull out the one insert

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stick in another one and you don't have

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to redo everything it's going to be

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awesome the crawler transporter

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totally redone crawler transporter two

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we got two of them crawler transporter

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two got new wheel bearings in it to

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accommodate the heavier weights of the

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mobile launcher and the space launch

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system it's got new jacking elevation

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and leveling cylinders it's got new

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brakes it's got new generators it is

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totally being refurbished to be our

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crawler transporter for another 30 years

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it's going to take that mobile launcher

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that you see out next to the vehicle

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assembly building that's being modified

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for the space launch system it's gonna

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weigh about six million pounds the

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rocket's gonna weigh another six million

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pounds so crawler transporter weighs six

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million pounds that eighteen million

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pounds is going to roll three miles out

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to pad b we're gonna fuel that rocket

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and in fiscal year 2018 we're going to

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be launching on orion on another test

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flight again without a crew on its way

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to the moon and at this time i want to

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welcome our administrator charlie bolden

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how you doing

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thanks very much for everybody who's on

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the net i understand there are people on

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from every nasa center around the

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country i hope anyway uh real quick

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because i know you all have questions

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you want to ask hopefully bob's giving

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you a lot of the technical stuff and all

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the details so i'm not going to repeat

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anything but again i want to thank all

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of you for coming

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it's a really exciting time for all of

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us and i can only imagine how exciting

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it is for you

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did you already ask them how many people

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have done this before no how many of you

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have seen a launch of any kind before

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wow this is pretty let me put it this

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way who's not seen a launch of any kind

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before all right hey now that's good

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okay uh it's going to be pretty neat so

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sort of that's an understatement

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but you you said this morning what it

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was going to be it is it's going to be a

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bfd but but other than that it's uh

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bob and i had the privilege earlier this

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morning of actually going out with the

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folk from ula and lockheed martin and

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kind of standing right beneath the

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vehicle and and it is very very very

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impressive so again thank you all for

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coming thanks for what you do

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um why don't we try to go to questions

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and since i've got bob captured here

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he's gonna have to go do work but uh

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two

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we'll try to push it charlie okay okay

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uh hands please here we go

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any questions coming in from the

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hinterland

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um no

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according to uh uh al warden from what

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i've heard from him uh when the

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parachute failed on apollo 15 it was due

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to

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low winds that day allowing rcs

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fumes from the rcs fuel dump to travel

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up the lines up to the parachute has

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that been accounted for in the new orion

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capsule design and how much redundancy

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is there for safety in case of shoot

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failure you you have just surpassed the

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technical knowledge that both charlie

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and i have

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hey this is why we have really smart

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people working for us who unfortunately

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are not here with us right now

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you picked the two guys who really don't

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like using parachutes as has two pilots

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and so we're just going to be very we

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did use a parachute it was just to slow

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down slow down one on the runway so we

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apologize we'll get you an answer though

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okay don't don't forget but you know the

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answer to that

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you don't you're smart rex oh man we

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have

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rex knows the answer he'll tell you when

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he comes up the parachutes were designed

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uh at the johnson space center uh it's a

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great design they've been thoroughly

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tested and i'm confident that they're

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going to work exactly as they were

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designed

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we learned a lot of stuff about

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parachutes though like trying to get to

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mars and that kind of stuff

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first off thanks for uh coming over here

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today and uh spending some time with us

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um

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i've seen in a few of the social media

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boards uh a bunch of naysayers saying

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that this is not such a big deal and all

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this other stuff how do you guys go

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ahead and

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respond to somebody like that i i said

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it's a bfd and you know so that's that's

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my no but in all in all seriousness it

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is it is a big deal and it's it's a huge

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deal for the nation

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uh when you stop and think that this

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will be the first time we've launched a

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vehicle intended to carry humans beyond

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low earth orbit in more than 40 years

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people ask what's taken so long so that

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is a legitimate question uh to to

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question whether it's a big deal or not

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i i don't think is is fair or legitimate

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at all uh it is a huge deal because this

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is a continuation of what the apollo

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astronauts started uh you know i

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when i talked to neil armstrong when i

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did talk to neil armstrong and others

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they went to the moon not just to go to

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the moon they viewed they viewed their

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lunar missions as a precursor for humans

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going on to other places mars being one

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of them so uh we have taken a 40-year

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hiatus in trying to make this trek and

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now we're back on the path i think for

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the first time at least since bob and i

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have been engaged in the space program

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we're closer than 30 years away from

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from going and the team is really

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excited about when charlie mentions that

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they were looking forward to mars even

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when they went on the moon that first

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apollo 11 crew you know that went to the

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moon the first crew that actually be on

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the surface

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brought us a patch we have a patch

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signed and it's signed by the apollo 11

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crew to be taken you know it's for the

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crew to take to mars when they go to

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mars and that was that was back in 1969

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they thought of that uh you know the

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other part of this is if you look at the

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apollo missions the longest apollo

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mission was like 12 days the orion

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capsule it's bigger it's designed for a

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crew of four it has with a crew of four

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it has a 21 day design life in space it

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is a big deal it's a it's a much bigger

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design and we know a lot more now than

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we knew back during the apollo program

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to really make this our deep space

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vehicle now obviously it has to hook up

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with a habitability module to be you

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00:09:47,430 --> 00:09:45,440
know for extended periods of time but

274
00:09:49,110 --> 00:09:47,440
with a crew 2 we got at least 27 days

275
00:09:51,990 --> 00:09:49,120
with it who's here from somewhere other

276
00:09:53,110 --> 00:09:52,000
than the u.s i know there are a lot

277
00:09:54,949 --> 00:09:53,120
you know

278
00:09:55,910 --> 00:09:54,959
you weren't a partner when we went to

279
00:09:58,150 --> 00:09:55,920
the moon

280
00:10:00,150 --> 00:09:58,160
uh we didn't have any partners

281
00:10:01,829 --> 00:10:00,160
when we went to the moon there was no

282
00:10:03,829 --> 00:10:01,839
commercial space

283
00:10:05,590 --> 00:10:03,839
when we went to the moon so what is what

284
00:10:07,670 --> 00:10:05,600
is big about this

285
00:10:09,750 --> 00:10:07,680
is that we have now reached out and

286
00:10:11,190 --> 00:10:09,760
we're engaging more people in actually

287
00:10:13,670 --> 00:10:11,200
being a part

288
00:10:15,590 --> 00:10:13,680
of this than i think many people ever

289
00:10:19,670 --> 00:10:15,600
dreamed of when in the days of the

290
00:10:21,509 --> 00:10:19,680
apollo era uh you know the cold war

291
00:10:23,430 --> 00:10:21,519
uh we were involved in a space race

292
00:10:25,590 --> 00:10:23,440
we're not in a space race anymore no

293
00:10:27,269 --> 00:10:25,600
matter what anybody tells you there it

294
00:10:29,910 --> 00:10:27,279
there is sort of a little space race but

295
00:10:31,750 --> 00:10:29,920
that space race thank goodness is among

296
00:10:34,150 --> 00:10:31,760
american companies

297
00:10:35,829 --> 00:10:34,160
trying to see who can be the best who

298
00:10:37,670 --> 00:10:35,839
can be the most efficient who can get

299
00:10:40,710 --> 00:10:37,680
the cost down the most and they're

300
00:10:42,790 --> 00:10:40,720
forcing uh you know manufacturers around

301
00:10:44,550 --> 00:10:42,800
the world to take a look at their

302
00:10:46,069 --> 00:10:44,560
processes at their pricing and

303
00:10:47,910 --> 00:10:46,079
everything so that is a tremendous

304
00:10:49,910 --> 00:10:47,920
difference we're we're not only doing

305
00:10:52,550 --> 00:10:49,920
technological advances in terms of

306
00:10:54,790 --> 00:10:52,560
hardware but we're doing game changing

307
00:10:57,269 --> 00:10:54,800
advances in terms of business practices

308
00:10:58,790 --> 00:10:57,279
how you do things okay and when i look

309
00:11:00,389 --> 00:10:58,800
at international partnerships i look at

310
00:11:02,790 --> 00:11:00,399
the international space station when you

311
00:11:06,630 --> 00:11:02,800
consider you know we got russia canada

312
00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:06,640
tomorrow is his anniversary space agency

313
00:11:10,949 --> 00:11:09,040
you know uh we have learned how to work

314
00:11:12,550 --> 00:11:10,959
together in space the agreements that

315
00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:12,560
had to go into place to make that happen

316
00:11:16,550 --> 00:11:14,800
and i think it's a model for how we

317
00:11:18,630 --> 00:11:16,560
explore in space how we work in space

318
00:11:20,230 --> 00:11:18,640
together and it set the stage for how

319
00:11:21,990 --> 00:11:20,240
we're going to explore when we go beyond

320
00:11:23,590 --> 00:11:22,000
planet earth and as charlie mentioned i

321
00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:23,600
do have to throw this out i think it's

322
00:11:27,030 --> 00:11:24,720
kind of cool

323
00:11:28,870 --> 00:11:27,040
tomorrow is the

324
00:11:30,470 --> 00:11:28,880
16th anniversary the first space station

325
00:11:32,630 --> 00:11:30,480
assembly mission and we're launching the

326
00:11:35,269 --> 00:11:32,640
very first mission on our new vehicle to

327
00:11:38,310 --> 00:11:35,279
explore beyond starting by his truly an

328
00:11:39,829 --> 00:11:38,320
inter in but that doesn't matter

329
00:11:41,110 --> 00:11:39,839
charlie bob this is a unique event we

330
00:11:42,949 --> 00:11:41,120
actually have eight uh space flight

331
00:11:44,790 --> 00:11:42,959
centers or nasa field centers on the

332
00:11:47,750 --> 00:11:44,800
line we have a question from nasa ames

333
00:11:50,870 --> 00:11:48,949
go ahead

334
00:11:52,790 --> 00:11:50,880
great hey we're happy to be here and

335
00:11:54,389 --> 00:11:52,800
representing nasa ames we wanted to ask

336
00:11:57,190 --> 00:11:54,399
you what the significance of the name

337
00:11:59,430 --> 00:11:57,200
orion is and um it seems to pop up in a

338
00:12:00,470 --> 00:11:59,440
lot of programs but it is attached to

339
00:12:01,509 --> 00:12:00,480
this program we want to find out a

340
00:12:03,110 --> 00:12:01,519
little bit more about why it was named

341
00:12:05,990 --> 00:12:03,120
orion thank you i have a clue but i'm

342
00:12:07,509 --> 00:12:06,000
going to tell you what i read okay

343
00:12:09,590 --> 00:12:07,519
i i really don't

344
00:12:11,030 --> 00:12:09,600
i and i just read this the other day and

345
00:12:12,949 --> 00:12:11,040
i'm counting on because it came from a

346
00:12:15,190 --> 00:12:12,959
media person so i'm counting on it being

347
00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:15,200
true and well researched

348
00:12:19,910 --> 00:12:17,680
that is not tongue said tongue-in-cheek

349
00:12:22,230 --> 00:12:19,920
orion came about in the constellation

350
00:12:24,069 --> 00:12:22,240
program and and the team at the time

351
00:12:26,230 --> 00:12:24,079
felt that what more appropriate to be a

352
00:12:27,750 --> 00:12:26,240
part of of a constellation program than

353
00:12:30,150 --> 00:12:27,760
to name it for a constellation

354
00:12:31,750 --> 00:12:30,160
constellation orion so that's what i'm i

355
00:12:34,069 --> 00:12:31,760
am told that that's how the name came

356
00:12:36,310 --> 00:12:34,079
about you know subsequently or most of

357
00:12:39,030 --> 00:12:36,320
the times we go out nowadays and we ask

358
00:12:41,269 --> 00:12:39,040
kids to help us name things i think nasa

359
00:12:42,310 --> 00:12:41,279
named it internally but but i don't know

360
00:12:43,509 --> 00:12:42,320
for real

361
00:12:45,110 --> 00:12:43,519
sounds good to me

362
00:12:47,110 --> 00:12:45,120
bob says it's close and he was still

363
00:12:49,190 --> 00:12:47,120
around but that's the answer i got when

364
00:12:52,710 --> 00:12:49,200
i consulted one of my most

365
00:12:54,150 --> 00:12:52,720
valuable assets which is u.s media

366
00:12:55,190 --> 00:12:54,160
we'll come back to the room in a second

367
00:12:57,509 --> 00:12:55,200
we have one more question from field

368
00:13:01,269 --> 00:12:57,519
center we have a question from uh glenn

369
00:13:06,710 --> 00:13:04,150
hi um can you tell us what factors go

370
00:13:08,790 --> 00:13:06,720
into the launch

371
00:13:10,870 --> 00:13:08,800
window because you're not trying to

372
00:13:12,470 --> 00:13:10,880
rendezvous with anything

373
00:13:13,910 --> 00:13:12,480
so could you just explain that to us

374
00:13:15,190 --> 00:13:13,920
please

375
00:13:17,829 --> 00:13:15,200
i think we got about a two and a half

376
00:13:19,030 --> 00:13:17,839
hour launch window on this one and

377
00:13:20,949 --> 00:13:19,040
it's

378
00:13:22,790 --> 00:13:20,959
you know i don't know what the

379
00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:22,800
end cut off is the requirement i'm sure

380
00:13:25,670 --> 00:13:24,240
it's requirements on the vehicle and

381
00:13:27,110 --> 00:13:25,680
fueling and a few other things it

382
00:13:28,310 --> 00:13:27,120
depends on where they are in account if

383
00:13:31,030 --> 00:13:28,320
it were a shuttle i could tell you

384
00:13:32,870 --> 00:13:31,040
precisely but uh yeah i don't know what

385
00:13:35,030 --> 00:13:32,880
the limiting factor is on why it's where

386
00:13:37,509 --> 00:13:35,040
it is but the weather forecast for

387
00:13:39,269 --> 00:13:37,519
tomorrow is 70 percent go uh the weather

388
00:13:41,590 --> 00:13:39,279
off the california coast is great for

389
00:13:43,509 --> 00:13:41,600
recovery uh with the two and a half hour

390
00:13:45,350 --> 00:13:43,519
launch window i'm fairly confident we're

391
00:13:46,870 --> 00:13:45,360
going to find time to get off rex where

392
00:13:49,350 --> 00:13:46,880
are you

393
00:13:53,030 --> 00:13:49,360
is rex coming on next

394
00:13:54,949 --> 00:13:53,040
year later okay go find out two things

395
00:13:56,069 --> 00:13:54,959
why did we pick orion

396
00:13:58,069 --> 00:13:56,079
as a name

397
00:13:59,910 --> 00:13:58,079
and and so you can answer his question

398
00:14:04,870 --> 00:13:59,920
about why two and a half hours instead

399
00:14:09,910 --> 00:14:06,629
ah

400
00:14:12,069 --> 00:14:09,920
spoken as a true expert did did you

401
00:14:13,990 --> 00:14:12,079
hey come get a mic real quick here you

402
00:14:15,670 --> 00:14:14,000
go come on up rex i know you're

403
00:14:19,189 --> 00:14:15,680
we're cheating bringing rex up early

404
00:14:23,590 --> 00:14:21,590
come on up come on sure

405
00:14:25,750 --> 00:14:23,600
explain that so what's your answer there

406
00:14:27,110 --> 00:14:25,760
it's a it's kind of a complicated uh

407
00:14:28,550 --> 00:14:27,120
calculus they have to go into because

408
00:14:29,750 --> 00:14:28,560
they have to maintain the ability to

409
00:14:30,790 --> 00:14:29,760
launch the vehicle from here but they

410
00:14:32,790 --> 00:14:30,800
also have to have the ability to

411
00:14:34,230 --> 00:14:32,800
retrieve it and we're trying this out

412
00:14:36,389 --> 00:14:34,240
for the first time this is not easy to

413
00:14:37,670 --> 00:14:36,399
pull a vehicle into a well deck ship the

414
00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:37,680
way we're recovering it so they have to

415
00:14:40,790 --> 00:14:39,120
have enough crew duty day enough

416
00:14:42,310 --> 00:14:40,800
lighting out in the pacific to recover

417
00:14:44,550 --> 00:14:42,320
it in time so they i think that kind of

418
00:14:46,790 --> 00:14:44,560
narrows down the window see i would have

419
00:14:48,870 --> 00:14:46,800
guessed that

420
00:14:50,710 --> 00:14:48,880
but it would have been a guess and rex

421
00:14:52,150 --> 00:14:50,720
is a current active astronaut and he's

422
00:14:54,069 --> 00:14:52,160
been involved in all this stuff so he's

423
00:14:56,470 --> 00:14:54,079
going to give you all the straight scoop

424
00:15:00,150 --> 00:14:58,389
we have time for one more question uh

425
00:15:01,750 --> 00:15:00,160
and then i know the administrator has to

426
00:15:02,949 --> 00:15:01,760
run so

427
00:15:04,790 --> 00:15:02,959
this is just easy it's right here in

428
00:15:07,430 --> 00:15:04,800
front

429
00:15:08,790 --> 00:15:07,440
i'm curious to know are there any

430
00:15:10,710 --> 00:15:08,800
scientific

431
00:15:12,550 --> 00:15:10,720
experiments or missions that we're

432
00:15:14,150 --> 00:15:12,560
leveraging as part of this test launch

433
00:15:15,670 --> 00:15:14,160
so even though it's a test launch are

434
00:15:17,509 --> 00:15:15,680
there even some short experiments that

435
00:15:19,509 --> 00:15:17,519
we're sending up the one that i'm most

436
00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:19,519
proud of is coming out of something

437
00:15:23,670 --> 00:15:22,560
called the uh the exploration design

438
00:15:25,990 --> 00:15:23,680
challenge

439
00:15:27,990 --> 00:15:26,000
and uh and the scientist are high school

440
00:15:29,350 --> 00:15:28,000
students from the hampton roads virginia

441
00:15:30,949 --> 00:15:29,360
area who won

442
00:15:33,350 --> 00:15:30,959
the exploration design challenge

443
00:15:35,269 --> 00:15:33,360
co-sponsored by lockheed martin and nasa

444
00:15:36,710 --> 00:15:35,279
where we went out and said look we um

445
00:15:39,030 --> 00:15:36,720
radiation is one of the biggest

446
00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:39,040
challenges for us radiation and its

447
00:15:43,350 --> 00:15:41,120
potential damage to the crew

448
00:15:45,910 --> 00:15:43,360
can somebody help us come up with a way

449
00:15:49,110 --> 00:15:45,920
to protect the crew during long duration

450
00:15:52,790 --> 00:15:49,120
flights to mars and um and there were

451
00:15:54,389 --> 00:15:52,800
like 25 000 responses within a day

452
00:15:56,710 --> 00:15:54,399
i think in the end we had a hundred

453
00:15:58,710 --> 00:15:56,720
thousand or so contestants and and an

454
00:16:02,629 --> 00:15:58,720
expert panel of people picked the five

455
00:16:04,710 --> 00:16:02,639
finalists so all five teams should be uh

456
00:16:07,110 --> 00:16:04,720
here at the cape for the launch in the

457
00:16:09,350 --> 00:16:07,120
morning and the winning team from the

458
00:16:11,350 --> 00:16:09,360
hampton roads area near langley

459
00:16:14,310 --> 00:16:11,360
research center actually have their

460
00:16:15,670 --> 00:16:14,320
experiment inside orion being flown so

461
00:16:17,749 --> 00:16:15,680
that's one

462
00:16:20,949 --> 00:16:17,759
science experiment that i know is being

463
00:16:23,590 --> 00:16:20,959
done the other experiments uh relate to

464
00:16:25,030 --> 00:16:23,600
to um thermodynamics we're looking at

465
00:16:27,030 --> 00:16:25,040
the heat shield

466
00:16:28,629 --> 00:16:27,040
and whether or not it is strong enough

467
00:16:30,949 --> 00:16:28,639
to withstand the temperatures and

468
00:16:32,790 --> 00:16:30,959
pressures of re-entry in a in in about

469
00:16:36,069 --> 00:16:32,800
an 85

470
00:16:38,710 --> 00:16:36,079
scenario for coming back from the moon

471
00:16:39,749 --> 00:16:38,720
we're looking at it it's communications

472
00:16:42,069 --> 00:16:39,759
and other stuff looking at the

473
00:16:43,990 --> 00:16:42,079
navigation and control on board during

474
00:16:46,230 --> 00:16:44,000
the flight and then the going back to

475
00:16:48,389 --> 00:16:46,240
the parachutes um that that really is

476
00:16:50,949 --> 00:16:48,399
aerodynamics and so we're looking at

477
00:16:52,870 --> 00:16:50,959
we're looking at essentially um

478
00:16:55,269 --> 00:16:52,880
high-speed aerodynamics the performance

479
00:16:57,430 --> 00:16:55,279
of the parachutes as they try to open

480
00:16:59,509 --> 00:16:57,440
uh in a case where we're coming back you

481
00:17:01,430 --> 00:16:59,519
know starting out at 20 000 miles per

482
00:17:02,790 --> 00:17:01,440
hour and then decelerating

483
00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:02,800
it's a great test flight i mean we're

484
00:17:07,270 --> 00:17:04,400
looking at separation of the launch

485
00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:07,280
abort system the panels on the

486
00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:10,160
service module it's got 1200 sensors on

487
00:17:15,110 --> 00:17:12,480
it that are specific for getting data

488
00:17:16,470 --> 00:17:15,120
there's like 50 miles of wiring just for

489
00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:16,480
the sensors

490
00:17:21,909 --> 00:17:18,480
that are unique to this flight for

491
00:17:24,069 --> 00:17:21,919
gathering data any of you sailors

492
00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:24,079
uh okay you know how when you're trying

493
00:17:27,270 --> 00:17:25,760
to go back and forth and you're trying

494
00:17:28,630 --> 00:17:27,280
to get to something in the ocean and

495
00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:28,640
you're you're doing this mental

496
00:17:32,710 --> 00:17:30,320
gymnastics you're doing the trigonometry

497
00:17:34,870 --> 00:17:32,720
and the geometry in your brain uh we've

498
00:17:37,750 --> 00:17:34,880
got the crew of the uss anchorage that

499
00:17:38,950 --> 00:17:37,760
is um a helicopter well it's a it's a an

500
00:17:40,630 --> 00:17:38,960
amphibious

501
00:17:42,070 --> 00:17:40,640
readiness vehicle that carries marines

502
00:17:44,630 --> 00:17:42,080
around the world and they're getting

503
00:17:45,830 --> 00:17:44,640
ready to deploy but before they deploy

504
00:17:48,070 --> 00:17:45,840
they're actually going to recover the

505
00:17:50,230 --> 00:17:48,080
vehicle tomorrow afternoon and having

506
00:17:52,310 --> 00:17:50,240
been aboard watching them go through one

507
00:17:54,710 --> 00:17:52,320
of the final exercises it was actually

508
00:17:56,870 --> 00:17:54,720
incredible to watch this crew

509
00:17:58,870 --> 00:17:56,880
the navigator working with the officer

510
00:18:00,630 --> 00:17:58,880
of the deck underway to determine

511
00:18:02,789 --> 00:18:00,640
exactly where they go and how they

512
00:18:04,150 --> 00:18:02,799
approach the capsule that's floating out

513
00:18:07,029 --> 00:18:04,160
there they had to take winds into

514
00:18:09,029 --> 00:18:07,039
consideration the the you know the drift

515
00:18:10,870 --> 00:18:09,039
of the of the ocean waves and all this

516
00:18:12,789 --> 00:18:10,880
other kind of stuff so that when they

517
00:18:14,150 --> 00:18:12,799
got there the vehicle wouldn't go

518
00:18:16,470 --> 00:18:14,160
zipping by them and they wouldn't have

519
00:18:17,430 --> 00:18:16,480
to do u-turns and everything else so

520
00:18:19,430 --> 00:18:17,440
it's

521
00:18:21,270 --> 00:18:19,440
it isn't it is an art as much as a

522
00:18:23,270 --> 00:18:21,280
science just to pick the vehicle up and

523
00:18:25,110 --> 00:18:23,280
i didn't even mention that as a test but

524
00:18:27,110 --> 00:18:25,120
this will be a very important test for

525
00:18:29,590 --> 00:18:27,120
the u.s navy to make sure that they

526
00:18:31,909 --> 00:18:29,600
understand how do we successfully pick

527
00:18:33,669 --> 00:18:31,919
up this vehicle because a couple of

528
00:18:35,430 --> 00:18:33,679
flights from now it's actually going to

529
00:18:37,430 --> 00:18:35,440
have people in it and we want to make

530
00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:37,440
sure that we pick them up as quickly as

531
00:18:41,110 --> 00:18:39,760
we can first pass so we can get them out

532
00:18:43,909 --> 00:18:41,120
of that thing because they will have

533
00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:43,919
been you know in space uh around the

534
00:18:46,950 --> 00:18:45,760
moon and doing all kinds of stuff and we

535
00:18:49,990 --> 00:18:46,960
really want to get them out as quickly

536
00:18:52,630 --> 00:18:50,000
and safely as we can so this is a that's

537
00:18:54,470 --> 00:18:52,640
probably the final test for the vehicle

538
00:18:55,990 --> 00:18:54,480
is to see if we can integrate the navy

539
00:18:57,669 --> 00:18:56,000
in and make the successful pickup so

540
00:18:59,110 --> 00:18:57,679
that's it you all have been great thanks

541
00:19:02,549 --> 00:18:59,120
so much for letting bob and me come in

542
00:19:15,190 --> 00:19:03,870
thank

543
00:19:19,350 --> 00:19:17,110
so we are going to mars

544
00:19:20,870 --> 00:19:19,360
nasa is going to mars what are we doing

545
00:19:23,029 --> 00:19:20,880
right now to learn about how we're going

546
00:19:24,310 --> 00:19:23,039
to get there what are we doing on mars

547
00:19:26,230 --> 00:19:24,320
right now and how is this helping tell

548
00:19:27,669 --> 00:19:26,240
that story not only that what kind of

549
00:19:42,549 --> 00:19:27,679
technology do we need to do to actually

550
00:19:46,470 --> 00:19:44,870
as we expand our presence into the solar

551
00:19:48,630 --> 00:19:46,480
system with human and robotic

552
00:19:50,870 --> 00:19:48,640
exploration we're learning more about

553
00:19:52,870 --> 00:19:50,880
the formation and evolution of mars

554
00:19:56,150 --> 00:19:52,880
which can help us learn more about our

555
00:19:58,230 --> 00:19:56,160
own planet's history and future

556
00:20:00,310 --> 00:19:58,240
in the past the red planet had

557
00:20:02,630 --> 00:20:00,320
conditions suitable for life

558
00:20:04,150 --> 00:20:02,640
and future exploration may uncover

559
00:20:06,789 --> 00:20:04,160
evidence of life

560
00:20:09,830 --> 00:20:06,799
answering one of the oldest questions

561
00:20:11,750 --> 00:20:09,840
does life exist beyond earth nasa is on

562
00:20:13,669 --> 00:20:11,760
a journey to mars and the first humans

563
00:20:16,470 --> 00:20:13,679
who'll set foot on mars are alive on

564
00:20:22,470 --> 00:20:19,510
rovers and spacecraft are on and around

565
00:20:24,549 --> 00:20:22,480
mars studying its conditions revealing

566
00:20:27,110 --> 00:20:24,559
its history and showing us the red

567
00:20:29,830 --> 00:20:27,120
planet like never before

568
00:20:31,590 --> 00:20:29,840
on earth and in space we're doing the

569
00:20:34,470 --> 00:20:31,600
hard work to prepare for missions

570
00:20:38,230 --> 00:20:34,480
farther than ever before first to an

571
00:20:40,870 --> 00:20:38,240
asteroid and then onward to pioneer mars

572
00:20:43,350 --> 00:20:40,880
during the past 40 years nasa explored

573
00:20:45,669 --> 00:20:43,360
mars through robotic spacecraft landers

574
00:20:47,669 --> 00:20:45,679
and rovers dramatically increasing our

575
00:20:49,270 --> 00:20:47,679
knowledge about the red planet and

576
00:20:50,549 --> 00:20:49,280
paving the way for future human

577
00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:50,559
explorers

578
00:20:55,270 --> 00:20:52,640
future missions seeking signs of past

579
00:20:57,270 --> 00:20:55,280
life will demonstrate new technology

580
00:20:59,270 --> 00:20:57,280
that could help astronauts survive on

581
00:21:01,270 --> 00:20:59,280
mars i think some of the most amazing

582
00:21:02,950 --> 00:21:01,280
things that we're learning are actually

583
00:21:04,470 --> 00:21:02,960
how to be really good detectives on

584
00:21:07,029 --> 00:21:04,480
another planet which is a really

585
00:21:09,830 --> 00:21:07,039
difficult job nasa's human mission to

586
00:21:12,149 --> 00:21:09,840
mars begins in low earth orbit aboard

587
00:21:14,230 --> 00:21:12,159
the international space station where

588
00:21:16,789 --> 00:21:14,240
astronauts are approving technologies

589
00:21:19,270 --> 00:21:16,799
and communications systems needed for

590
00:21:21,270 --> 00:21:19,280
human missions into deep space

591
00:21:23,590 --> 00:21:21,280
the space station also teaches us how

592
00:21:26,230 --> 00:21:23,600
the human body changes in space

593
00:21:28,310 --> 00:21:26,240
so we can protect astronaut health on

594
00:21:31,110 --> 00:21:28,320
long-duration missions deeper into the

595
00:21:33,270 --> 00:21:31,120
solar system nasa will test other new

596
00:21:35,669 --> 00:21:33,280
technologies needed to send humans to

597
00:21:38,710 --> 00:21:35,679
mars in the first ever mission to

598
00:21:41,350 --> 00:21:38,720
capture and redirect an asteroid mass to

599
00:21:42,950 --> 00:21:41,360
a stable orbit around the moon

600
00:21:45,430 --> 00:21:42,960
astronauts aboard nasa's orion

601
00:21:47,590 --> 00:21:45,440
spacecraft will explore the asteroid in

602
00:21:48,789 --> 00:21:47,600
the 2020s and return to earth with

603
00:21:51,110 --> 00:21:48,799
samples

604
00:21:53,909 --> 00:21:51,120
this experience will help nasa test new

605
00:21:56,230 --> 00:21:53,919
systems and capabilities such as solar

606
00:21:58,630 --> 00:21:56,240
electric propulsion which is a highly

607
00:22:00,950 --> 00:21:58,640
efficient way to send heavy cargo ahead

608
00:22:03,270 --> 00:22:00,960
of human missions to mars

609
00:22:05,110 --> 00:22:03,280
astronauts will travel in an orion

610
00:22:07,350 --> 00:22:05,120
launched atop a space launch system

611
00:22:09,750 --> 00:22:07,360
heavy lift rocket which will be the most

612
00:22:12,149 --> 00:22:09,760
powerful rocket ever flown apollo

613
00:22:14,070 --> 00:22:12,159
happened before i was born so this for

614
00:22:15,830 --> 00:22:14,080
our generation will be

615
00:22:22,549 --> 00:22:15,840
the exploration missions that we get to

616
00:22:27,430 --> 00:22:24,630
the journey to mars will improve lives

617
00:22:29,510 --> 00:22:27,440
on earth in important ways we'll

618
00:22:31,990 --> 00:22:29,520
increase scientific knowledge that could

619
00:22:34,149 --> 00:22:32,000
help us better understand earth

620
00:22:36,630 --> 00:22:34,159
we'll also develop new technologies and

621
00:22:38,230 --> 00:22:36,640
economic opportunities right here in the

622
00:22:40,630 --> 00:22:38,240
united states

623
00:22:42,710 --> 00:22:40,640
and will advance u.s leadership in the

624
00:22:43,909 --> 00:22:42,720
peaceful international exploration of

625
00:22:46,710 --> 00:22:43,919
space

626
00:22:49,110 --> 00:22:46,720
but make no mistake the journey to mars

627
00:22:50,950 --> 00:22:49,120
will be the challenge of a generation

628
00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:50,960
to send humans to the red planet and

629
00:22:55,830 --> 00:22:54,000
return them safely so we can go back

630
00:22:58,390 --> 00:22:55,840
keep exploring and

631
00:23:01,990 --> 00:22:58,400
push the frontiers of discoveries

632
00:23:03,110 --> 00:23:02,000
it's a journey well worth the risks

633
00:23:05,590 --> 00:23:03,120
today

634
00:23:07,990 --> 00:23:05,600
our engineers and scientists are working

635
00:23:10,870 --> 00:23:08,000
hard to develop the technologies

636
00:23:13,350 --> 00:23:10,880
astronauts will use to travel to

637
00:23:14,470 --> 00:23:13,360
and work on the red planet

638
00:23:26,470 --> 00:23:14,480
join us

639
00:23:29,830 --> 00:23:27,990
and joining us live here today to talk

640
00:23:31,270 --> 00:23:29,840
about nasa's journey to mars

641
00:23:32,870 --> 00:23:31,280
from left to right is the associate

642
00:23:39,510 --> 00:23:32,880
administrator for human explorer

643
00:23:42,549 --> 00:23:40,789
to his left is the association

644
00:23:44,950 --> 00:23:42,559
administrator for a science mission

645
00:23:50,149 --> 00:23:44,960
directorate and a veteran of five space

646
00:23:53,029 --> 00:23:51,270
following him is the associate

647
00:23:57,669 --> 00:23:53,039
administrator for space technology mike

648
00:23:57,679 --> 00:24:04,070
our chief scientist ellen stofan

649
00:24:04,080 --> 00:24:09,029
and our chief technologist david miller

650
00:24:14,230 --> 00:24:11,269
let's start with mr gerschmeyer

651
00:24:15,909 --> 00:24:14,240
thanks john it's uh great to be here

652
00:24:17,750 --> 00:24:15,919
it's really exciting to look out in this

653
00:24:19,750 --> 00:24:17,760
audience and see a lot of young faces

654
00:24:21,029 --> 00:24:19,760
and and folks that are actually excited

655
00:24:22,310 --> 00:24:21,039
about what we're talking about and what

656
00:24:24,310 --> 00:24:22,320
we're doing and

657
00:24:25,750 --> 00:24:24,320
and it's not that i i meet other

658
00:24:27,190 --> 00:24:25,760
audiences that aren't there but i don't

659
00:24:28,950 --> 00:24:27,200
typically meet audiences with this

660
00:24:31,269 --> 00:24:28,960
demographic so this is pretty awesome

661
00:24:33,110 --> 00:24:31,279
for me to get a chance to to see you and

662
00:24:34,630 --> 00:24:33,120
get a chance to interact with you we'll

663
00:24:36,070 --> 00:24:34,640
talk to you a little bit about the

664
00:24:37,909 --> 00:24:36,080
journey to mars and we'll answer a lot

665
00:24:39,909 --> 00:24:37,919
of questions i think the thing that's

666
00:24:41,590 --> 00:24:39,919
important and john will talk about it in

667
00:24:43,909 --> 00:24:41,600
a minute is you know we're really on

668
00:24:45,669 --> 00:24:43,919
mars today and john will describe that

669
00:24:47,269 --> 00:24:45,679
so we're already there we're doing the

670
00:24:48,870 --> 00:24:47,279
international space station where we've

671
00:24:50,870 --> 00:24:48,880
got crews on orbit today that are

672
00:24:52,549 --> 00:24:50,880
actually preparing and understanding how

673
00:24:54,870 --> 00:24:52,559
the human body performs in the

674
00:24:56,470 --> 00:24:54,880
microgravity environment of space we're

675
00:24:58,310 --> 00:24:56,480
understanding how our hardware systems

676
00:24:59,990 --> 00:24:58,320
operate onboard space station for the

677
00:25:01,990 --> 00:25:00,000
long durations will be required to go to

678
00:25:04,070 --> 00:25:02,000
mars so we're really gaining really

679
00:25:06,070 --> 00:25:04,080
critical data today that helps us kind

680
00:25:07,590 --> 00:25:06,080
of pave that way going forward on space

681
00:25:09,590 --> 00:25:07,600
station next year we'll have the

682
00:25:11,669 --> 00:25:09,600
one-year expedition on board space

683
00:25:13,669 --> 00:25:11,679
station it'll be great to just get a

684
00:25:15,269 --> 00:25:13,679
data point to see what the what it's

685
00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:15,279
really like to go beyond the six month

686
00:25:18,549 --> 00:25:16,640
period and see if there's anything from

687
00:25:21,110 --> 00:25:18,559
a human physiological standpoint that

688
00:25:22,789 --> 00:25:21,120
changes that requires some extra help

689
00:25:24,950 --> 00:25:22,799
um you've got the expiration flight test

690
00:25:27,350 --> 00:25:24,960
which are all down here to see today to

691
00:25:29,190 --> 00:25:27,360
see the orion capsule fly it's pretty

692
00:25:30,870 --> 00:25:29,200
exciting seeing all the work that's come

693
00:25:32,630 --> 00:25:30,880
together to put that vehicle together

694
00:25:34,549 --> 00:25:32,640
and and to see the teams that are really

695
00:25:36,230 --> 00:25:34,559
ready to go execute that mission and and

696
00:25:38,070 --> 00:25:36,240
we're kind of beginning to move forward

697
00:25:39,750 --> 00:25:38,080
so i think you can start to see real

698
00:25:41,190 --> 00:25:39,760
progress as we're moving on this this

699
00:25:43,590 --> 00:25:41,200
journey to mars

700
00:25:45,350 --> 00:25:43,600
you know i often put the focus really on

701
00:25:47,029 --> 00:25:45,360
to be on journey this is something that

702
00:25:49,590 --> 00:25:47,039
is not easy it's not going to be easy

703
00:25:51,110 --> 00:25:49,600
for us to go do the scientific

704
00:25:52,630 --> 00:25:51,120
information that we're getting from john

705
00:25:54,710 --> 00:25:52,640
is absolutely critical we have a

706
00:25:56,470 --> 00:25:54,720
radiation monitor on mars today which is

707
00:25:58,950 --> 00:25:56,480
helpful for the human aspects we're

708
00:26:01,190 --> 00:25:58,960
going to do a 2020 rover with john and

709
00:26:02,789 --> 00:26:01,200
mike gazerick and we're going to have a

710
00:26:04,390 --> 00:26:02,799
ability to pull oxygen out of the

711
00:26:06,230 --> 00:26:04,400
martian atmosphere to go look at the

712
00:26:07,909 --> 00:26:06,240
ability that we could use

713
00:26:09,430 --> 00:26:07,919
some of the resources at mars so we

714
00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:09,440
don't have to carry everything with us

715
00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:11,440
so so to go from where we are today in

716
00:26:15,190 --> 00:26:13,440
the earth reliant region to the proving

717
00:26:17,350 --> 00:26:15,200
ground to earth independent is going to

718
00:26:19,350 --> 00:26:17,360
be just a huge journey a huge challenge

719
00:26:21,510 --> 00:26:19,360
and that's really what we're all about

720
00:26:23,430 --> 00:26:21,520
so it's it's not just mars it's not just

721
00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:23,440
a single mission it's actually pushing

722
00:26:28,230 --> 00:26:25,600
human human presence into the solar

723
00:26:30,470 --> 00:26:28,240
system so john

724
00:26:32,710 --> 00:26:30,480
thanks uh welcome everyone this is

725
00:26:34,870 --> 00:26:32,720
really exciting uh of course i grew up

726
00:26:36,789 --> 00:26:34,880
always wanting to launch rockets and had

727
00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:36,799
the privilege to fly on some and

728
00:26:40,149 --> 00:26:38,640
tomorrow we get to watch a really cool

729
00:26:41,750 --> 00:26:40,159
rocket launch

730
00:26:42,950 --> 00:26:41,760
at nasa i believe our mission is to

731
00:26:45,830 --> 00:26:42,960
innovate

732
00:26:48,710 --> 00:26:45,840
to explore when we explore we discover

733
00:26:53,590 --> 00:26:48,720
and when we discover things it inspires

734
00:26:56,070 --> 00:26:53,600
how many of you were born after 1976

735
00:26:58,789 --> 00:26:56,080
yeah quite a few hands going up no you

736
00:27:02,950 --> 00:27:00,789
well for all of the those of you that

737
00:27:05,110 --> 00:27:02,960
were born after 1976

738
00:27:07,590 --> 00:27:05,120
you've never known a time when we have

739
00:27:08,549 --> 00:27:07,600
not been exploring on the surface of

740
00:27:11,110 --> 00:27:08,559
mars

741
00:27:13,590 --> 00:27:11,120
and right now we have amazing fleet of

742
00:27:14,789 --> 00:27:13,600
spacecraft at mars both in orbit

743
00:27:16,870 --> 00:27:14,799
and on the surface and i think i have

744
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:16,880
one chart that that shows this if we can

745
00:27:21,190 --> 00:27:18,480
bring that up

746
00:27:23,269 --> 00:27:21,200
much of which you already know but what

747
00:27:25,830 --> 00:27:23,279
we found out about mars is really

748
00:27:27,510 --> 00:27:25,840
amazing you know and especially the

749
00:27:30,390 --> 00:27:27,520
curiosity rover how many of you have

750
00:27:31,190 --> 00:27:30,400
heard of curiosity right so curiosity

751
00:27:33,669 --> 00:27:31,200
she

752
00:27:37,029 --> 00:27:33,679
has a twitter account and a facebook

753
00:27:38,390 --> 00:27:37,039
page and she tweets

754
00:27:40,710 --> 00:27:38,400
but in fact it really is human

755
00:27:43,029 --> 00:27:40,720
exploration it's all about engineers

756
00:27:45,750 --> 00:27:43,039
driving curiosity scientists getting the

757
00:27:47,990 --> 00:27:45,760
scientific information and vicariously

758
00:27:50,470 --> 00:27:48,000
exploring mars through the eyes through

759
00:27:53,190 --> 00:27:50,480
the cameras through the selfies of

760
00:27:54,870 --> 00:27:53,200
curiosity and it's really exciting our

761
00:27:57,430 --> 00:27:54,880
goal was to find out

762
00:27:59,029 --> 00:27:57,440
was mars ever habitable

763
00:28:00,789 --> 00:27:59,039
could it have had an environment that

764
00:28:02,630 --> 00:28:00,799
would sustain life

765
00:28:04,789 --> 00:28:02,640
and that was the big goal really

766
00:28:06,549 --> 00:28:04,799
challenging hard to get to the ground

767
00:28:08,230 --> 00:28:06,559
seven minutes of terror

768
00:28:10,549 --> 00:28:08,240
curiosity lands

769
00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:10,559
looks around and says

770
00:28:14,549 --> 00:28:12,000
holy beep

771
00:28:16,710 --> 00:28:14,559
i i landed in a dry riverbed i mean

772
00:28:18,870 --> 00:28:16,720
literally the geologists the planetary

773
00:28:21,990 --> 00:28:18,880
scientists looked around and said this

774
00:28:25,190 --> 00:28:22,000
looks like a dry riverbed in west texas

775
00:28:27,430 --> 00:28:25,200
rounded pebbles concretions riverbank

776
00:28:29,669 --> 00:28:27,440
encoded in the rock the rock tells the

777
00:28:31,990 --> 00:28:29,679
story about an ancient mars

778
00:28:33,510 --> 00:28:32,000
that probably had a thick atmosphere

779
00:28:35,190 --> 00:28:33,520
puffy clouds

780
00:28:37,190 --> 00:28:35,200
rain

781
00:28:39,190 --> 00:28:37,200
snow-capped peaks

782
00:28:40,710 --> 00:28:39,200
and so now we're driving along exploring

783
00:28:43,269 --> 00:28:40,720
what looks like

784
00:28:45,510 --> 00:28:43,279
terrain that supports that hypothesis

785
00:28:48,230 --> 00:28:45,520
that mars was really a happening place

786
00:28:50,549 --> 00:28:48,240
mars was once habitable

787
00:28:52,070 --> 00:28:50,559
and as bill said there are resources on

788
00:28:53,990 --> 00:28:52,080
mars today what happened to that water

789
00:28:55,909 --> 00:28:54,000
well we just have the maven spacecraft

790
00:28:58,470 --> 00:28:55,919
enter mars orbit and start science and

791
00:29:01,750 --> 00:28:58,480
it's orbiting high in the atmosphere and

792
00:29:04,470 --> 00:29:01,760
seeing mars lose hydrogen today hydrogen

793
00:29:06,149 --> 00:29:04,480
from water that's been dissociated by

794
00:29:08,950 --> 00:29:06,159
ultraviolet light from the sun the

795
00:29:10,389 --> 00:29:08,960
oxygen stays hydrogen's really light

796
00:29:11,590 --> 00:29:10,399
off into space

797
00:29:14,149 --> 00:29:11,600
and so we're seeing that process

798
00:29:16,149 --> 00:29:14,159
happening today but something in mars

799
00:29:18,230 --> 00:29:16,159
ancient history between three and a half

800
00:29:19,990 --> 00:29:18,240
four billion years ago and today caused

801
00:29:21,590 --> 00:29:20,000
it to lose that thick atmosphere and so

802
00:29:23,669 --> 00:29:21,600
we're trying to read the rock record and

803
00:29:27,269 --> 00:29:23,679
figure out what what happened but even

804
00:29:29,669 --> 00:29:27,279
today the mars atmosphere is mostly co2

805
00:29:33,510 --> 00:29:29,679
anybody know what the next most abundant

806
00:29:37,510 --> 00:29:34,549
argon

807
00:29:38,830 --> 00:29:37,520
really interesting

808
00:29:42,549 --> 00:29:38,840
then

809
00:29:45,269 --> 00:29:42,559
um nitrogen in that there's a

810
00:29:47,350 --> 00:29:45,279
co2 argon we see nitrogen atmosphere we

811
00:29:49,669 --> 00:29:47,360
see oxygen atmosphere we see

812
00:29:51,350 --> 00:29:49,679
carbon monoxide in the atmosphere

813
00:29:53,190 --> 00:29:51,360
as far as i know we haven't seen methane

814
00:29:55,029 --> 00:29:53,200
yet which would be really interesting

815
00:29:57,350 --> 00:29:55,039
but we also know that in the rocks

816
00:29:59,750 --> 00:29:57,360
themselves is a lot of water trapped in

817
00:30:01,430 --> 00:29:59,760
the minerals few percent and we may be

818
00:30:02,950 --> 00:30:01,440
able to drive that water out same is

819
00:30:04,310 --> 00:30:02,960
true on the moon

820
00:30:06,389 --> 00:30:04,320
really interesting so that's a resource

821
00:30:07,750 --> 00:30:06,399
we might use if you have water you have

822
00:30:09,029 --> 00:30:07,760
hydrogen and oxygen you can make a

823
00:30:11,350 --> 00:30:09,039
rocket fuel

824
00:30:12,789 --> 00:30:11,360
you can breathe the oxygen i suppose if

825
00:30:14,470 --> 00:30:12,799
you really wanted to you could drink the

826
00:30:17,029 --> 00:30:14,480
water too

827
00:30:18,630 --> 00:30:17,039
and you probably would

828
00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:18,640
and there's a lot of ice still on mars

829
00:30:22,710 --> 00:30:20,880
we've seen brand new craters from our

830
00:30:24,870 --> 00:30:22,720
mars reconnaissance orbiter where some

831
00:30:26,870 --> 00:30:24,880
meteorites hit the surface of mars

832
00:30:29,029 --> 00:30:26,880
created a new crater and when all the

833
00:30:32,230 --> 00:30:29,039
dust gets blown out of the crater we see

834
00:30:34,710 --> 00:30:32,240
ice that then over subsequent orbits

835
00:30:36,230 --> 00:30:34,720
sublimates into the atmosphere so if we

836
00:30:38,230 --> 00:30:36,240
land on mars with humans sometime in the

837
00:30:39,510 --> 00:30:38,240
near future and i hope we do

838
00:30:41,830 --> 00:30:39,520
we'll be able to use those water

839
00:30:43,430 --> 00:30:41,840
resources and just melt the ice and

840
00:30:45,350 --> 00:30:43,440
create rocket fuel drink the water

841
00:30:48,230 --> 00:30:45,360
create oxygen so it's really exciting

842
00:30:50,870 --> 00:30:48,240
time but message is we're exploring mars

843
00:30:52,630 --> 00:30:50,880
today the opportunity rover has driven

844
00:30:53,350 --> 00:30:52,640
over 40 kilometers

845
00:30:55,110 --> 00:30:53,360
the

846
00:30:56,630 --> 00:30:55,120
curiosity rover is driving around trying

847
00:30:58,789 --> 00:30:56,640
to answer these really incredible

848
00:31:00,870 --> 00:30:58,799
questions about past habitability and

849
00:31:02,230 --> 00:31:00,880
maybe even if detect if there are

850
00:31:07,110 --> 00:31:02,240
organics

851
00:31:09,269 --> 00:31:07,120
past life who knows we're working on a

852
00:31:11,430 --> 00:31:09,279
lander in 2016 that's going to be a

853
00:31:13,990 --> 00:31:11,440
geology field station

854
00:31:16,870 --> 00:31:14,000
2016 and 18 partnering with the european

855
00:31:18,950 --> 00:31:16,880
space agency uh how about that rosetta

856
00:31:20,630 --> 00:31:18,960
mission and the philae lander pretty

857
00:31:21,830 --> 00:31:20,640
cool

858
00:31:24,149 --> 00:31:21,840
you know

859
00:31:25,430 --> 00:31:24,159
isa has really got their game up and

860
00:31:27,750 --> 00:31:25,440
we're partnering with them on those

861
00:31:30,149 --> 00:31:27,760
missions and then in 2020 we have a

862
00:31:32,230 --> 00:31:30,159
collaborative effort to send a rover

863
00:31:33,909 --> 00:31:32,240
that's going to drive around really

864
00:31:35,990 --> 00:31:33,919
great instrumentation it's going to grab

865
00:31:38,149 --> 00:31:36,000
samples it's going to convert co2 to

866
00:31:39,750 --> 00:31:38,159
oxygen and store it in a tank and it's a

867
00:31:41,990 --> 00:31:39,760
partnership between

868
00:31:44,310 --> 00:31:42,000
really a one nasa partnership and one of

869
00:31:45,029 --> 00:31:44,320
the partners is michael gazarick over to

870
00:31:46,710 --> 00:31:45,039
you

871
00:31:49,430 --> 00:31:46,720
thanks sean

872
00:31:52,389 --> 00:31:51,190
well i too i'm really excited to be here

873
00:31:53,590 --> 00:31:52,399
there's nothing like a rocket launch

874
00:31:55,190 --> 00:31:53,600
right and i don't know about you but i

875
00:31:56,630 --> 00:31:55,200
think about all the hard work that went

876
00:31:58,870 --> 00:31:56,640
into the vehicle for tomorrow all the

877
00:32:00,470 --> 00:31:58,880
engineering all the design for years you

878
00:32:01,990 --> 00:32:00,480
know it all it all comes down to those

879
00:32:03,029 --> 00:32:02,000
crucial moments of launch it's just it's

880
00:32:05,430 --> 00:32:03,039
just really i don't know about you but

881
00:32:07,909 --> 00:32:05,440
it kind of brings out uh the excitement

882
00:32:10,149 --> 00:32:07,919
uh in me and this whole and so what's

883
00:32:11,990 --> 00:32:10,159
gonna happen you know tomorrow morning

884
00:32:13,669 --> 00:32:12,000
deep space exploration that's what this

885
00:32:15,509 --> 00:32:13,679
is about right and really as bill

886
00:32:17,269 --> 00:32:15,519
mentioned the journey the journey begins

887
00:32:19,110 --> 00:32:17,279
tomorrow for the first time right

888
00:32:20,549 --> 00:32:19,120
putting this vehicle further away from

889
00:32:21,830 --> 00:32:20,559
earth we've ever had in decades and

890
00:32:24,230 --> 00:32:21,840
bringing it back

891
00:32:26,070 --> 00:32:24,240
uh safely that that's really excitement

892
00:32:27,190 --> 00:32:26,080
it really leads the way so let's and

893
00:32:29,029 --> 00:32:27,200
that's really the journey the journey

894
00:32:30,470 --> 00:32:29,039
for deep space exploration the journey

895
00:32:32,310 --> 00:32:30,480
to mars so who would like to go to mars

896
00:32:34,549 --> 00:32:32,320
anyone anyone interested yeah yeah me

897
00:32:35,590 --> 00:32:34,559
too yeah i know me too me too uh here's

898
00:32:37,350 --> 00:32:35,600
the thing though we got a couple things

899
00:32:39,110 --> 00:32:37,360
we got to do to get there right we know

900
00:32:40,470 --> 00:32:39,120
there's some challenges to get to mars

901
00:32:41,830 --> 00:32:40,480
uh there's some capabilities that we

902
00:32:43,509 --> 00:32:41,840
need to get to mars and this is where

903
00:32:44,789 --> 00:32:43,519
technology as you can imagine really

904
00:32:46,470 --> 00:32:44,799
plays a role

905
00:32:47,909 --> 00:32:46,480
so we talk about getting to mars there's

906
00:32:49,669 --> 00:32:47,919
challenges to get there we got

907
00:32:51,029 --> 00:32:49,679
challenges we got to land there and then

908
00:32:52,630 --> 00:32:51,039
we got challenges where we got to live

909
00:32:54,710 --> 00:32:52,640
there and you know and eventually then

910
00:32:56,389 --> 00:32:54,720
get you know get back so that's what

911
00:32:59,190 --> 00:32:56,399
technology is about and we're working on

912
00:33:01,509 --> 00:32:59,200
those things today just just last month

913
00:33:03,269 --> 00:33:01,519
off the coast of hawaii uh maybe maybe

914
00:33:05,110 --> 00:33:03,279
some of you saw it if you don't uh we

915
00:33:07,590 --> 00:33:05,120
just launched what the la times called

916
00:33:09,990 --> 00:33:07,600
nasa's flying saucer we didn't label it

917
00:33:12,310 --> 00:33:10,000
that we had a more you know acronym name

918
00:33:14,630 --> 00:33:12,320
ldst but we kind of went with the flying

919
00:33:16,950 --> 00:33:14,640
saucer right it's kind of cool but we we

920
00:33:18,630 --> 00:33:16,960
took that up at high altitude conditions

921
00:33:20,310 --> 00:33:18,640
like mars to go figure out better ways

922
00:33:21,750 --> 00:33:20,320
to slow down why do we want to slow down

923
00:33:23,669 --> 00:33:21,760
we got to get more mass to the surface

924
00:33:25,029 --> 00:33:23,679
of mars that we can today we've got to

925
00:33:27,590 --> 00:33:25,039
get we got to land on more of the

926
00:33:29,590 --> 00:33:27,600
planet's surface than we can today

927
00:33:31,669 --> 00:33:29,600
today we land in craters we need every

928
00:33:33,269 --> 00:33:31,679
ounce of that atmosphere to slow down we

929
00:33:35,029 --> 00:33:33,279
want to do better than that we got more

930
00:33:36,950 --> 00:33:35,039
things to go put on mars that we're

931
00:33:38,310 --> 00:33:36,960
going to need to go live there so we got

932
00:33:40,230 --> 00:33:38,320
to figure out how to do that and we

933
00:33:42,470 --> 00:33:40,240
learned a lot about how to slow down on

934
00:33:43,430 --> 00:33:42,480
mars in fact we shredded a parachute if

935
00:33:45,750 --> 00:33:43,440
you've seen the video it's pretty

936
00:33:46,870 --> 00:33:45,760
awesome yup so we're learning

937
00:33:48,870 --> 00:33:46,880
just to be clear we're learning that's

938
00:33:51,350 --> 00:33:48,880
what we're doing today we have we know

939
00:33:53,350 --> 00:33:51,360
now today more about this supersonic

940
00:33:55,830 --> 00:33:53,360
inflation dynamics of a parachute than

941
00:33:57,029 --> 00:33:55,840
we did three years ago three years ago

942
00:33:59,029 --> 00:33:57,039
we set up the mission directorate of

943
00:34:00,710 --> 00:33:59,039
technology and we're developing new

944
00:34:02,310 --> 00:34:00,720
capabilities today

945
00:34:03,990 --> 00:34:02,320
we also have developed a composite

946
00:34:05,590 --> 00:34:04,000
cryotank what's so important about that

947
00:34:07,110 --> 00:34:05,600
well it can store the look fuel the

948
00:34:09,190 --> 00:34:07,120
rocket fuel that we need and it reduces

949
00:34:11,270 --> 00:34:09,200
the mass it allows more payload to get

950
00:34:13,270 --> 00:34:11,280
more things to the surface of mars we

951
00:34:15,349 --> 00:34:13,280
demonstrated that this summer

952
00:34:17,109 --> 00:34:15,359
when we talk about going to mars we need

953
00:34:18,230 --> 00:34:17,119
a bet we need a propulsion system and

954
00:34:19,750 --> 00:34:18,240
one of the ways we're looking at is

955
00:34:21,589 --> 00:34:19,760
something called solar electric using

956
00:34:23,190 --> 00:34:21,599
the sun's energy and then turning that

957
00:34:24,629 --> 00:34:23,200
into these hull thrusters that send out

958
00:34:27,109 --> 00:34:24,639
ions off the back to give us this

959
00:34:28,869 --> 00:34:27,119
continuous thrust to get to mars well we

960
00:34:31,109 --> 00:34:28,879
need bigger solar arrays didn't have

961
00:34:33,270 --> 00:34:31,119
them three years ago we do today we did

962
00:34:34,710 --> 00:34:33,280
that this summer as well so all across

963
00:34:36,629 --> 00:34:34,720
the board we are flying and

964
00:34:38,950 --> 00:34:36,639
demonstrating where we have to above the

965
00:34:40,389 --> 00:34:38,960
skies of hawaii on a flying saucer that

966
00:34:42,149 --> 00:34:40,399
we had to build we're using the

967
00:34:43,990 --> 00:34:42,159
international space station across the

968
00:34:46,310 --> 00:34:44,000
board to develop better thermal

969
00:34:49,030 --> 00:34:46,320
exchangers to develop better navigation

970
00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:49,040
systems the better life support systems

971
00:34:53,109 --> 00:34:51,040
we have worked today in how to recycle

972
00:34:55,109 --> 00:34:53,119
the oxygen on board we know we can't

973
00:34:56,790 --> 00:34:55,119
take it all with us we have to recycle

974
00:34:58,870 --> 00:34:56,800
the water of course and getting to

975
00:35:00,710 --> 00:34:58,880
closed-loop systems so we can recycle

976
00:35:02,630 --> 00:35:00,720
the water recycle the air we're working

977
00:35:04,550 --> 00:35:02,640
on all those today we're working on

978
00:35:06,630 --> 00:35:04,560
better batteries the same battery life

979
00:35:08,550 --> 00:35:06,640
issues we all have on all the cool cool

980
00:35:09,990 --> 00:35:08,560
iphone speaking of technology right same

981
00:35:11,109 --> 00:35:10,000
problems you have right we all got to go

982
00:35:12,230 --> 00:35:11,119
home and charge them tonight and if you

983
00:35:13,190 --> 00:35:12,240
forget you're not going to you know

984
00:35:14,230 --> 00:35:13,200
you're not going to set your alarm

985
00:35:15,589 --> 00:35:14,240
you're going to miss a launch so make

986
00:35:17,349 --> 00:35:15,599
sure everybody please charge your phone

987
00:35:18,710 --> 00:35:17,359
tonight uh if you're looking at using

988
00:35:20,550 --> 00:35:18,720
that alarm but we've got to work on

989
00:35:22,710 --> 00:35:20,560
better battery density well we have work

990
00:35:24,390 --> 00:35:22,720
on that as well today so that's just a

991
00:35:26,710 --> 00:35:24,400
couple examples we're working on all

992
00:35:29,030 --> 00:35:26,720
those how to get there how to land there

993
00:35:30,790 --> 00:35:29,040
how to live there all working today with

994
00:35:32,390 --> 00:35:30,800
the international space station and

995
00:35:35,030 --> 00:35:32,400
whatever we need to do whatever we need

996
00:35:37,109 --> 00:35:35,040
to go fly on to develop the capabilities

997
00:35:45,670 --> 00:35:37,119
so the journey starts tomorrow and i

998
00:35:49,510 --> 00:35:47,430
you know nasa is the keeper of the

999
00:35:53,030 --> 00:35:49,520
future and a big part of that future is

1000
00:35:54,550 --> 00:35:53,040
mars um and as john talked about why uh

1001
00:35:56,230 --> 00:35:54,560
and it's because of this issue that we

1002
00:35:58,230 --> 00:35:56,240
really do think that the conditions on

1003
00:36:00,710 --> 00:35:58,240
mars we know we just don't think we know

1004
00:36:02,630 --> 00:36:00,720
the conditions on mars existed for long

1005
00:36:04,870 --> 00:36:02,640
periods of time where life could have

1006
00:36:06,710 --> 00:36:04,880
evolved so we can really get at that

1007
00:36:08,870 --> 00:36:06,720
fundamental question that has been

1008
00:36:10,390 --> 00:36:08,880
around in humanity for so long are we

1009
00:36:12,150 --> 00:36:10,400
alone you know we're addressing it in

1010
00:36:14,150 --> 00:36:12,160
other cool ways to the james webb space

1011
00:36:16,630 --> 00:36:14,160
telescope after 2018 we'll start looking

1012
00:36:18,150 --> 00:36:16,640
at the atmospheres of extrasolar planets

1013
00:36:20,630 --> 00:36:18,160
you know we want to go study europa

1014
00:36:22,390 --> 00:36:20,640
jupiter's moon that has these uh

1015
00:36:24,390 --> 00:36:22,400
sub-crustal oceans that we think are

1016
00:36:26,390 --> 00:36:24,400
super interesting so there's lots of

1017
00:36:27,990 --> 00:36:26,400
amazing things we want to go do

1018
00:36:30,550 --> 00:36:28,000
but right now we're really focused on

1019
00:36:33,430 --> 00:36:30,560
mars and to me this is incredibly

1020
00:36:35,510 --> 00:36:33,440
important because i'm i'm a geologist um

1021
00:36:38,230 --> 00:36:35,520
i go out in the field and bang on rocks

1022
00:36:41,190 --> 00:36:38,240
with my rock hammer and i i think that

1023
00:36:42,790 --> 00:36:41,200
piece of human sending humans to mars is

1024
00:36:45,030 --> 00:36:42,800
critical to understanding the science in

1025
00:36:47,510 --> 00:36:45,040
the long run finding life on mars may

1026
00:36:49,349 --> 00:36:47,520
not be easy studying life on mars is

1027
00:36:51,510 --> 00:36:49,359
going to be challenging and having

1028
00:36:53,589 --> 00:36:51,520
humans on the surface who can be

1029
00:36:55,270 --> 00:36:53,599
creative who can be iterative who can be

1030
00:36:57,589 --> 00:36:55,280
innovative and how they're approaching

1031
00:36:59,510 --> 00:36:57,599
it who can cover large distances in

1032
00:37:01,750 --> 00:36:59,520
short amounts of time

1033
00:37:02,710 --> 00:37:01,760
who can adapt to new information as they

1034
00:37:04,390 --> 00:37:02,720
get it

1035
00:37:06,630 --> 00:37:04,400
robotic exploration is great don't get

1036
00:37:09,030 --> 00:37:06,640
me wrong we've done amazing things

1037
00:37:11,349 --> 00:37:09,040
with opportunity with curiosity but we

1038
00:37:14,150 --> 00:37:11,359
need humans to go to that next step of

1039
00:37:16,230 --> 00:37:14,160
really understanding mars um in a true

1040
00:37:19,430 --> 00:37:16,240
scientific sense

1041
00:37:21,270 --> 00:37:19,440
so what we're doing tomorrow um to me is

1042
00:37:23,109 --> 00:37:21,280
incredibly exciting because we talk

1043
00:37:25,349 --> 00:37:23,119
about this and a lot of us see the

1044
00:37:27,349 --> 00:37:25,359
progress behind the scenes that some of

1045
00:37:28,550 --> 00:37:27,359
you might not be aware of the research

1046
00:37:30,470 --> 00:37:28,560
we're doing every day on the

1047
00:37:32,950 --> 00:37:30,480
international space station is so

1048
00:37:34,150 --> 00:37:32,960
critical to this journey to mars

1049
00:37:36,150 --> 00:37:34,160
understanding the effects of

1050
00:37:37,589 --> 00:37:36,160
microgravity on the human body you know

1051
00:37:40,550 --> 00:37:37,599
we you have all these conditions that

1052
00:37:42,069 --> 00:37:40,560
occur muscle wasting muscle wasting bone

1053
00:37:44,310 --> 00:37:42,079
density loss

1054
00:37:46,069 --> 00:37:44,320
changes in intracranial pressure these

1055
00:37:47,910 --> 00:37:46,079
are effects that we're studying we're

1056
00:37:49,670 --> 00:37:47,920
finding ways to mitigate so that we can

1057
00:37:51,430 --> 00:37:49,680
send astronauts safely on that eight

1058
00:37:53,190 --> 00:37:51,440
month journey to mars eight months back

1059
00:37:55,349 --> 00:37:53,200
and and have them healthy that's what

1060
00:37:57,829 --> 00:37:55,359
nasa does so that research that we're

1061
00:38:00,150 --> 00:37:57,839
doing every day on the iss is really

1062
00:38:01,589 --> 00:38:00,160
critical to this journey to mars

1063
00:38:03,589 --> 00:38:01,599
mike was just talking about the the

1064
00:38:05,430 --> 00:38:03,599
technology work we're doing every day

1065
00:38:07,430 --> 00:38:05,440
that's critical to this journey of mars

1066
00:38:09,430 --> 00:38:07,440
the work we do every day with curiosity

1067
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:09,440
and opportunity and maven that are

1068
00:38:13,430 --> 00:38:11,440
helping us on this journey to mars so

1069
00:38:15,349 --> 00:38:13,440
we're on our way but tomorrow is such a

1070
00:38:17,829 --> 00:38:15,359
visible sense of you know we're on the

1071
00:38:18,790 --> 00:38:17,839
cusp of sending humans beyond low earth

1072
00:38:20,470 --> 00:38:18,800
orbit

1073
00:38:21,910 --> 00:38:20,480
which we haven't been able to do in such

1074
00:38:24,069 --> 00:38:21,920
a long time

1075
00:38:26,310 --> 00:38:24,079
that we're really excited about tomorrow

1076
00:38:27,750 --> 00:38:26,320
and i hope everybody sees this as we're

1077
00:38:34,550 --> 00:38:27,760
on our way to mars

1078
00:38:37,270 --> 00:38:36,310
it's great to be here today it's very

1079
00:38:39,430 --> 00:38:37,280
exciting

1080
00:38:40,950 --> 00:38:39,440
uh in advance of the launch tomorrow

1081
00:38:42,710 --> 00:38:40,960
when i think about the journey to mars i

1082
00:38:43,990 --> 00:38:42,720
really think about it as a technological

1083
00:38:46,470 --> 00:38:44,000
journey it's one of many different

1084
00:38:48,390 --> 00:38:46,480
journeys we're making and tomorrow is a

1085
00:38:50,069 --> 00:38:48,400
very big step in that technological

1086
00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:50,079
journey but as mike has mentioned you

1087
00:38:53,829 --> 00:38:51,839
know we've already been working on in

1088
00:38:55,829 --> 00:38:53,839
other avenues as well on space station

1089
00:38:58,150 --> 00:38:55,839
in our labs developing all the other

1090
00:38:59,990 --> 00:38:58,160
types of technology we need so

1091
00:39:02,069 --> 00:39:00,000
this is not the first step in our

1092
00:39:03,670 --> 00:39:02,079
technological journey to to mars it's an

1093
00:39:05,109 --> 00:39:03,680
important step but we've been working on

1094
00:39:06,230 --> 00:39:05,119
this journey i'd say we're well on our

1095
00:39:08,310 --> 00:39:06,240
way

1096
00:39:09,990 --> 00:39:08,320
the um one of the things i want you to

1097
00:39:11,670 --> 00:39:10,000
remember and think about and i try to

1098
00:39:13,270 --> 00:39:11,680
remind myself every time

1099
00:39:15,589 --> 00:39:13,280
that a lot of times we think about

1100
00:39:16,390 --> 00:39:15,599
technology as performance enhancing it

1101
00:39:18,310 --> 00:39:16,400
is

1102
00:39:20,150 --> 00:39:18,320
but i think we also need to think about

1103
00:39:21,349 --> 00:39:20,160
it in terms of affordability and

1104
00:39:23,829 --> 00:39:21,359
sustainment

1105
00:39:26,630 --> 00:39:23,839
this is a very long journey and we also

1106
00:39:29,190 --> 00:39:26,640
want to want to in the process pioneer

1107
00:39:31,990 --> 00:39:29,200
that path and that means it's a long

1108
00:39:34,150 --> 00:39:32,000
journey so technology is going to help

1109
00:39:34,950 --> 00:39:34,160
us to be able to afford it and sustain

1110
00:39:37,349 --> 00:39:34,960
it

1111
00:39:39,670 --> 00:39:37,359
and over time as technology emerges we

1112
00:39:41,349 --> 00:39:39,680
need to think about technology refresh

1113
00:39:43,670 --> 00:39:41,359
because on a long journey that's

1114
00:39:44,710 --> 00:39:43,680
essential to being able to sustain that

1115
00:39:47,270 --> 00:39:44,720
journey

1116
00:39:48,630 --> 00:39:47,280
another aspect is technology drives

1117
00:39:50,870 --> 00:39:48,640
exploration it's kind of in the

1118
00:39:52,230 --> 00:39:50,880
background sometimes but we need to

1119
00:39:54,550 --> 00:39:52,240
think about

1120
00:39:56,550 --> 00:39:54,560
not only that technology is essential

1121
00:39:58,550 --> 00:39:56,560
for sustaining exploration

1122
00:40:00,710 --> 00:39:58,560
sustained investment in technology is

1123
00:40:03,589 --> 00:40:00,720
also essential and we need to keep that

1124
00:40:05,589 --> 00:40:03,599
in mind you know i like to sort of

1125
00:40:07,349 --> 00:40:05,599
draw an analogy with a water faucet and

1126
00:40:09,030 --> 00:40:07,359
a sink you know

1127
00:40:11,030 --> 00:40:09,040
we can't think about it as something we

1128
00:40:12,790 --> 00:40:11,040
can turn on today and then turn off and

1129
00:40:14,230 --> 00:40:12,800
in a few years hence we can turn it back

1130
00:40:15,990 --> 00:40:14,240
on and innovation is just going to

1131
00:40:17,750 --> 00:40:16,000
sprout like water from a faucet it

1132
00:40:19,349 --> 00:40:17,760
doesn't work that way we really need to

1133
00:40:21,589 --> 00:40:19,359
keep that sustained investment so we can

1134
00:40:23,270 --> 00:40:21,599
keep this journey going

1135
00:40:25,349 --> 00:40:23,280
so let me uh

1136
00:40:28,790 --> 00:40:25,359
ask you about uh anyone seen a launch

1137
00:40:30,390 --> 00:40:28,800
before on tv or your computer okay i

1138
00:40:32,870 --> 00:40:30,400
figured we're with this crowd how about

1139
00:40:35,349 --> 00:40:32,880
seeing it live

1140
00:40:37,109 --> 00:40:35,359
okay anybody anyone been actually on a

1141
00:40:39,349 --> 00:40:37,119
launch

1142
00:40:41,349 --> 00:40:39,359
okay well it narrows down quickly

1143
00:40:42,150 --> 00:40:41,359
doesn't it

1144
00:40:43,750 --> 00:40:42,160
so

1145
00:40:46,310 --> 00:40:43,760
what what i would say i guess i'm i'm

1146
00:40:48,470 --> 00:40:46,320
speaking to the people on on uh on

1147
00:40:50,550 --> 00:40:48,480
through the camera here uh for those of

1148
00:40:53,030 --> 00:40:50,560
you who've only seen it on tv you're

1149
00:40:55,829 --> 00:40:53,040
really missing a lot it really does

1150
00:40:57,910 --> 00:40:55,839
change your life i encourage you to

1151
00:41:00,150 --> 00:40:57,920
if you go to orlando on a family

1152
00:41:01,030 --> 00:41:00,160
vacation or to dc

1153
00:41:02,630 --> 00:41:01,040
you know

1154
00:41:05,430 --> 00:41:02,640
check on the websites for the wallet

1155
00:41:06,390 --> 00:41:05,440
flight center or kennedy space center to

1156
00:41:08,230 --> 00:41:06,400
see if there's going to be a launch

1157
00:41:10,710 --> 00:41:08,240
watch while you're there and go go see

1158
00:41:12,230 --> 00:41:10,720
it live it really saturates all of your

1159
00:41:14,790 --> 00:41:12,240
senses you know it's brighter than

1160
00:41:16,630 --> 00:41:14,800
anything you that tv can can show you

1161
00:41:17,990 --> 00:41:16,640
it's louder than anything that you can

1162
00:41:21,109 --> 00:41:18,000
hear from tv

1163
00:41:24,230 --> 00:41:21,119
it's uh it actually literally shakes you

1164
00:41:26,790 --> 00:41:24,240
as as it's a very emotional event

1165
00:41:28,390 --> 00:41:26,800
i guess if uh you it saturates your

1166
00:41:30,150 --> 00:41:28,400
senses of taste and smell you might want

1167
00:41:31,349 --> 00:41:30,160
to back up a little bit it might be a

1168
00:41:32,150 --> 00:41:31,359
little close

1169
00:41:34,950 --> 00:41:32,160
so

1170
00:41:36,309 --> 00:41:34,960
uh but but you know the the the build up

1171
00:41:39,030 --> 00:41:36,319
and everything it's really extraordinary

1172
00:41:40,870 --> 00:41:39,040
you really have to see it live uh and i

1173
00:41:43,349 --> 00:41:40,880
encourage everyone to do that i just

1174
00:41:46,230 --> 00:41:43,359
wanted to close by saying that um

1175
00:41:48,390 --> 00:41:46,240
i strongly feel that exploration demands

1176
00:41:50,790 --> 00:41:48,400
a sense of urgency that keeps us on our

1177
00:41:52,390 --> 00:41:50,800
toes as soon as we get on our heels i

1178
00:41:55,270 --> 00:41:52,400
think we're in trouble so it really

1179
00:41:57,990 --> 00:41:55,280
demands that that kind of urgency

1180
00:41:59,750 --> 00:41:58,000
so the um you know when you have a

1181
00:42:02,550 --> 00:41:59,760
launch system like

1182
00:42:04,870 --> 00:42:02,560
like sls and orion as an exploration

1183
00:42:06,710 --> 00:42:04,880
system the best thing you can do is fly

1184
00:42:08,230 --> 00:42:06,720
it a lot and fly it far

1185
00:42:10,230 --> 00:42:08,240
but we really need to be able to afford

1186
00:42:11,270 --> 00:42:10,240
it we really need to be able to sustain

1187
00:42:13,670 --> 00:42:11,280
that

1188
00:42:16,630 --> 00:42:13,680
we need to be able to sustain a cadence

1189
00:42:18,950 --> 00:42:16,640
of missions so that so that

1190
00:42:20,550 --> 00:42:18,960
so that we keep everyone engaged not

1191
00:42:22,390 --> 00:42:20,560
only our engineers and our scientists

1192
00:42:24,230 --> 00:42:22,400
working on the projects but also the

1193
00:42:26,069 --> 00:42:24,240
attend grab the attention of the public

1194
00:42:28,230 --> 00:42:26,079
and keep them in gen engaged on that

1195
00:42:30,309 --> 00:42:28,240
journey as well that's that's essential

1196
00:42:32,309 --> 00:42:30,319
i've seen in the various avenues that

1197
00:42:34,710 --> 00:42:32,319
i've worked that there's a passion out

1198
00:42:36,710 --> 00:42:34,720
there for exploration we need to really

1199
00:42:38,950 --> 00:42:36,720
fan the flames on that passion we need

1200
00:42:40,710 --> 00:42:38,960
to engage it there's a broader community

1201
00:42:42,470 --> 00:42:40,720
that's working on all aspects of this

1202
00:42:45,510 --> 00:42:42,480
problem i think we need to tell their

1203
00:42:48,309 --> 00:42:45,520
story along with our story because if we

1204
00:42:50,950 --> 00:42:48,319
if we can tell their story of

1205
00:42:52,710 --> 00:42:50,960
excitement and achievement then i think

1206
00:42:54,790 --> 00:42:52,720
they'll help us tell our story as well

1207
00:43:00,150 --> 00:42:54,800
and make that journey reality so thank

1208
00:43:03,190 --> 00:43:02,150
thank you david appreciate it and from

1209
00:43:04,309 --> 00:43:03,200
the rest of the panelists well we have

1210
00:43:05,430 --> 00:43:04,319
time for some questions here in the

1211
00:43:06,870 --> 00:43:05,440
audience and then we're going to go to

1212
00:43:08,390 --> 00:43:06,880
our field center if you have a question

1213
00:43:14,309 --> 00:43:08,400
please keep your hand raised high and

1214
00:43:17,990 --> 00:43:16,230
hi there um first of all thank you all

1215
00:43:20,150 --> 00:43:18,000
it was very very informative uh thanks

1216
00:43:22,710 --> 00:43:20,160
for taking the time to talk to us um so

1217
00:43:24,630 --> 00:43:22,720
we talk about orion and it's part of

1218
00:43:27,670 --> 00:43:24,640
nasa's journey to mars

1219
00:43:29,349 --> 00:43:27,680
i have to wonder how would orion

1220
00:43:31,589 --> 00:43:29,359
actually get

1221
00:43:33,589 --> 00:43:31,599
explorers to mars onto the surface of

1222
00:43:35,910 --> 00:43:33,599
mars we see a capsule we see something

1223
00:43:37,430 --> 00:43:35,920
that's made for space flight how will it

1224
00:43:38,470 --> 00:43:37,440
actually land on the surface and then

1225
00:43:39,910 --> 00:43:38,480
return

1226
00:43:43,190 --> 00:43:39,920
is there is there something in the works

1227
00:43:45,750 --> 00:43:43,200
that that we haven't seen yet

1228
00:43:47,990 --> 00:43:45,760
yeah the intent of orion really is not

1229
00:43:49,750 --> 00:43:48,000
to go to the surface of mars

1230
00:43:51,829 --> 00:43:49,760
it's part of the potential

1231
00:43:53,829 --> 00:43:51,839
transportation system that will be used

1232
00:43:55,270 --> 00:43:53,839
as as combined with the habitation

1233
00:43:56,870 --> 00:43:55,280
module that will allow us to make the

1234
00:43:58,150 --> 00:43:56,880
journey but then there will be a descent

1235
00:43:59,670 --> 00:43:58,160
kind of vehicle and then it'll be some

1236
00:44:01,750 --> 00:43:59,680
kind of ascent vehicle to come off the

1237
00:44:03,349 --> 00:44:01,760
surface of mars you know we're we're

1238
00:44:05,030 --> 00:44:03,359
still kind of trading some things in

1239
00:44:06,230 --> 00:44:05,040
terms of how we would actually put this

1240
00:44:07,510 --> 00:44:06,240
together

1241
00:44:09,670 --> 00:44:07,520
we've been working on the asteroid

1242
00:44:11,270 --> 00:44:09,680
redirect mission and and with the

1243
00:44:12,470 --> 00:44:11,280
science technology mission director

1244
00:44:13,910 --> 00:44:12,480
we've been looking at solar electric

1245
00:44:15,589 --> 00:44:13,920
propulsion and that turns out that

1246
00:44:18,150 --> 00:44:15,599
that's a very effective way to move

1247
00:44:19,670 --> 00:44:18,160
large masses around the solar system so

1248
00:44:21,430 --> 00:44:19,680
what we're thinking we may do is we may

1249
00:44:24,150 --> 00:44:21,440
actually pre-position

1250
00:44:25,750 --> 00:44:24,160
cargo and maybe even the ascent vehicle

1251
00:44:27,670 --> 00:44:25,760
and the habitation systems on the

1252
00:44:30,069 --> 00:44:27,680
surface of mars before the crew actually

1253
00:44:31,829 --> 00:44:30,079
goes so we may actually call it a split

1254
00:44:33,750 --> 00:44:31,839
cargo mission so we would actually fly

1255
00:44:35,430 --> 00:44:33,760
the cargo first with electric propulsion

1256
00:44:37,430 --> 00:44:35,440
it takes maybe two three years to get

1257
00:44:40,069 --> 00:44:37,440
there with electric propulsion then we

1258
00:44:42,069 --> 00:44:40,079
pre-position all these assets at mars

1259
00:44:43,589 --> 00:44:42,079
they're there also for repeat journeys

1260
00:44:44,870 --> 00:44:43,599
to come back again later but they're

1261
00:44:47,109 --> 00:44:44,880
there they can be checked out and then

1262
00:44:49,109 --> 00:44:47,119
we bring the crew on chemical propulsion

1263
00:44:50,710 --> 00:44:49,119
and a fairly short trip

1264
00:44:52,150 --> 00:44:50,720
could go down to the surface with some

1265
00:44:54,230 --> 00:44:52,160
kind of lander vehicle and some kind of

1266
00:44:56,069 --> 00:44:54,240
ascent vehicle that potentially used the

1267
00:44:57,190 --> 00:44:56,079
resources on mars to prepare us to come

1268
00:44:58,710 --> 00:44:57,200
back and then we come back to the

1269
00:45:00,309 --> 00:44:58,720
vicinity of the earth and then we return

1270
00:45:02,390 --> 00:45:00,319
from the earth or from the vicinity

1271
00:45:03,829 --> 00:45:02,400
earth down to the surface of the earth

1272
00:45:06,230 --> 00:45:03,839
and that's conceptually what we're

1273
00:45:07,109 --> 00:45:06,240
starting to look at john i'll just add

1274
00:45:11,990 --> 00:45:07,119
one

1275
00:45:14,069 --> 00:45:12,000
step all space journeys start with

1276
00:45:16,230 --> 00:45:14,079
getting off the earth and and orion is

1277
00:45:18,150 --> 00:45:16,240
that peace uh it's that vehicle that

1278
00:45:19,109 --> 00:45:18,160
gets us off the earth and into deep

1279
00:45:20,710 --> 00:45:19,119
space

1280
00:45:22,550 --> 00:45:20,720
where we can start our journey and the

1281
00:45:24,550 --> 00:45:22,560
other key piece is the space launch

1282
00:45:27,030 --> 00:45:24,560
system heavy lift launch vehicle that

1283
00:45:29,270 --> 00:45:27,040
allows us to take large masses to space

1284
00:45:30,950 --> 00:45:29,280
and those masses are needed for the mars

1285
00:45:33,030 --> 00:45:30,960
class mission because if you look at the

1286
00:45:35,670 --> 00:45:33,040
resources space station roughly weighs

1287
00:45:37,510 --> 00:45:35,680
900 000 pounds we kind of estimate for a

1288
00:45:39,510 --> 00:45:37,520
surface landing on mars we roughly need

1289
00:45:41,430 --> 00:45:39,520
to have about that same same mass

1290
00:45:42,950 --> 00:45:41,440
roughly uh to go do that kind of

1291
00:45:44,790 --> 00:45:42,960
activity so it's

1292
00:45:46,069 --> 00:45:44,800
this is really a big endeavor to go to

1293
00:45:47,510 --> 00:45:46,079
mars which is which is why we're

1294
00:45:49,190 --> 00:45:47,520
shredding parachutes to go figure out

1295
00:45:50,710 --> 00:45:49,200
how to get on yeah you know bill could

1296
00:45:52,950 --> 00:45:50,720
you you know go with a little less maybe

1297
00:45:54,470 --> 00:45:52,960
right so it just you know yeah that's

1298
00:45:56,309 --> 00:45:54,480
that's the challenge

1299
00:45:57,990 --> 00:45:56,319
because again john's landed roughly a

1300
00:45:59,670 --> 00:45:58,000
metric ton with the rovers on the

1301
00:46:02,550 --> 00:45:59,680
surface of mars we're thinking we need

1302
00:46:04,150 --> 00:46:02,560
to 20 times that maybe 20 metric tons 30

1303
00:46:06,390 --> 00:46:04,160
metric tons to land on the surface of

1304
00:46:08,710 --> 00:46:06,400
mars so that's where mike comes in with

1305
00:46:11,510 --> 00:46:08,720
how do we do entry descent landing into

1306
00:46:13,510 --> 00:46:11,520
this into this atmosphere that's thick

1307
00:46:15,589 --> 00:46:13,520
enough to provide heating but not thick

1308
00:46:16,870 --> 00:46:15,599
enough to provide significant braking

1309
00:46:19,109 --> 00:46:16,880
yeah i think just for the record i think

1310
00:46:22,150 --> 00:46:19,119
the scorecard is mars

1311
00:46:25,190 --> 00:46:22,160
i think it's 19 and earth i think it's

1312
00:46:26,870 --> 00:46:25,200
now 20 actually with maven i think it's

1313
00:46:29,670 --> 00:46:26,880
20 successful missions tomorrow so we

1314
00:46:31,510 --> 00:46:29,680
just we just got over 500 so

1315
00:46:33,109 --> 00:46:31,520
go go earth

1316
00:46:34,950 --> 00:46:33,119
i was just going to add that i think

1317
00:46:37,109 --> 00:46:34,960
mike's team really sort of parses it out

1318
00:46:39,030 --> 00:46:37,119
well i think you say we have to go we

1319
00:46:41,349 --> 00:46:39,040
have to land we have to work and we have

1320
00:46:43,510 --> 00:46:41,359
to leave and return home and i think the

1321
00:46:45,670 --> 00:46:43,520
round trip is essential because you need

1322
00:46:47,430 --> 00:46:45,680
those voyagers those sort of ambassadors

1323
00:46:49,430 --> 00:46:47,440
the new world to come back and tell them

1324
00:46:51,430 --> 00:46:49,440
how exciting it is and and they can

1325
00:46:53,030 --> 00:46:51,440
really give that human element to it and

1326
00:46:55,270 --> 00:46:53,040
when you think about those four steps

1327
00:46:57,430 --> 00:46:55,280
you can start seeing where the landing

1328
00:46:58,950 --> 00:46:57,440
high larger mass maybe we can refuel

1329
00:47:00,710 --> 00:46:58,960
rockets by getting some of that water

1330
00:47:02,630 --> 00:47:00,720
out of the out of the out of the

1331
00:47:04,950 --> 00:47:02,640
regolith and so forth and it's a good

1332
00:47:07,190 --> 00:47:04,960
way to sort of think about it

1333
00:47:09,510 --> 00:47:07,200
good afternoon and thank you so much for

1334
00:47:10,470 --> 00:47:09,520
having all of us here with the nasa

1335
00:47:13,109 --> 00:47:10,480
social

1336
00:47:18,470 --> 00:47:14,710
as you were just saying it's going to be

1337
00:47:20,950 --> 00:47:18,480
incredibly difficult to to land on mars

1338
00:47:22,390 --> 00:47:20,960
um and and support habitation on mars

1339
00:47:24,870 --> 00:47:22,400
and and

1340
00:47:27,349 --> 00:47:24,880
it's going to take decades um

1341
00:47:30,230 --> 00:47:27,359
some stepping stones um

1342
00:47:32,550 --> 00:47:30,240
a stepping stone that that certainly on

1343
00:47:35,270 --> 00:47:32,560
you're considering right now is visiting

1344
00:47:37,270 --> 00:47:35,280
the asteroid and retrieving it

1345
00:47:39,349 --> 00:47:37,280
i'm curious about what other stepping

1346
00:47:40,950 --> 00:47:39,359
stones you might be considering for

1347
00:47:43,589 --> 00:47:40,960
example short of

1348
00:47:46,069 --> 00:47:43,599
landing on the surface of the mars

1349
00:47:48,710 --> 00:47:46,079
what a mission to visit phobos for

1350
00:47:51,190 --> 00:47:48,720
example makes sense or or what are what

1351
00:47:53,750 --> 00:47:51,200
are the other waypoints that we may see

1352
00:47:56,150 --> 00:47:53,760
before we get to that step of landing on

1353
00:47:57,750 --> 00:47:56,160
the surface

1354
00:47:59,349 --> 00:47:57,760
again we're we're kind of actively

1355
00:48:01,829 --> 00:47:59,359
trading all those things to figure out

1356
00:48:03,270 --> 00:48:01,839
what the right approach is you know if

1357
00:48:04,630 --> 00:48:03,280
it seems if you're going all the way to

1358
00:48:06,470 --> 00:48:04,640
mars

1359
00:48:08,230 --> 00:48:06,480
you know maybe just passing by and then

1360
00:48:10,230 --> 00:48:08,240
coming back without landing or going to

1361
00:48:11,270 --> 00:48:10,240
phobos or deimos or doing something

1362
00:48:12,870 --> 00:48:11,280
there

1363
00:48:14,950 --> 00:48:12,880
i don't know we need to trade those

1364
00:48:16,710 --> 00:48:14,960
advantages and disadvantages so i think

1365
00:48:18,390 --> 00:48:16,720
if you take a look at it where it's not

1366
00:48:20,870 --> 00:48:18,400
a single mission where we're trying to

1367
00:48:22,150 --> 00:48:20,880
you know essentially do it one time fast

1368
00:48:23,910 --> 00:48:22,160
but we're actually trying to put

1369
00:48:26,150 --> 00:48:23,920
infrastructure in place how do we

1370
00:48:28,230 --> 00:48:26,160
effectively use these other pieces of

1371
00:48:30,069 --> 00:48:28,240
the solar system effectively so do we

1372
00:48:31,750 --> 00:48:30,079
use the moons as a staging point are

1373
00:48:33,510 --> 00:48:31,760
those are there advantages there and

1374
00:48:35,109 --> 00:48:33,520
we're starting to trade with the with

1375
00:48:36,790 --> 00:48:35,119
the whole technical community what the

1376
00:48:38,950 --> 00:48:36,800
right answer is to go do that and there

1377
00:48:40,309 --> 00:48:38,960
may not be one answer there may be

1378
00:48:42,069 --> 00:48:40,319
you know several different approaches

1379
00:48:44,390 --> 00:48:42,079
that we're looking at as we think about

1380
00:48:46,630 --> 00:48:44,400
this activity and others may want to

1381
00:48:47,990 --> 00:48:46,640
comment too

1382
00:48:49,910 --> 00:48:48,000
i'd like to think about it for those of

1383
00:48:51,990 --> 00:48:49,920
us that were born before what was in

1384
00:48:54,309 --> 00:48:52,000
1975

1385
00:48:56,309 --> 00:48:54,319
the uh the uh i like to think you know

1386
00:48:57,510 --> 00:48:56,319
back in the 60s they had some good ideas

1387
00:48:59,430 --> 00:48:57,520
you know there was the mercury the

1388
00:49:02,710 --> 00:48:59,440
gemini the apollo mission

1389
00:49:04,549 --> 00:49:02,720
and and now we're we have this concept

1390
00:49:07,030 --> 00:49:04,559
where there's earth reliant

1391
00:49:09,109 --> 00:49:07,040
uh the proving ground and then mars

1392
00:49:11,910 --> 00:49:09,119
ready and and i think there's a nice

1393
00:49:13,750 --> 00:49:11,920
parallel that can be uh can be made

1394
00:49:15,430 --> 00:49:13,760
because what we're doing on station is

1395
00:49:17,430 --> 00:49:15,440
earth reliant it's low earth orbit it's

1396
00:49:19,349 --> 00:49:17,440
you know we have to we have to resupply

1397
00:49:21,270 --> 00:49:19,359
and so forth and you can get back within

1398
00:49:23,670 --> 00:49:21,280
hours uh but that's where we're learning

1399
00:49:25,990 --> 00:49:23,680
to sort of live it's kind of like what

1400
00:49:27,270 --> 00:49:26,000
we did in mercury and then the proving

1401
00:49:29,349 --> 00:49:27,280
ground is where we're going to go out to

1402
00:49:30,710 --> 00:49:29,359
cislunar space out beyond the moon

1403
00:49:32,309 --> 00:49:30,720
further than we've been before and

1404
00:49:33,910 --> 00:49:32,319
that's where we're going to learn how to

1405
00:49:35,990 --> 00:49:33,920
actually work and be productive and

1406
00:49:37,270 --> 00:49:36,000
exercise these technological tools that

1407
00:49:39,270 --> 00:49:37,280
mike's developing

1408
00:49:41,430 --> 00:49:39,280
and then when we're really ready to go

1409
00:49:43,270 --> 00:49:41,440
then it's the apollo and that's where

1410
00:49:44,790 --> 00:49:43,280
you know the uh where mars ready and we

1411
00:49:47,190 --> 00:49:44,800
can go and be independent we know

1412
00:49:48,630 --> 00:49:47,200
everything's gonna work right

1413
00:49:50,309 --> 00:49:48,640
great thank you now let's take a

1414
00:49:51,910 --> 00:49:50,319
question from one of our field centers i

1415
00:49:59,510 --> 00:49:51,920
believe we have a question from goddard

1416
00:49:59,520 --> 00:50:05,270
this is uh ben at nasa goddard

1417
00:50:12,470 --> 00:50:09,349
so in the book uh the case for mars um a

1418
00:50:15,190 --> 00:50:12,480
case is made for in-situ real

1419
00:50:17,430 --> 00:50:15,200
for manufacturing the propellant to

1420
00:50:20,069 --> 00:50:17,440
return from a mars mission

1421
00:50:22,150 --> 00:50:20,079
on mars using possibly helium or

1422
00:50:23,990 --> 00:50:22,160
hydrogen brought in from earth or other

1423
00:50:27,910 --> 00:50:24,000
means i'm wondering if that is being

1424
00:50:31,510 --> 00:50:27,920
considered for the upcoming plans to

1425
00:50:36,950 --> 00:50:34,630
so in the case for mars

1426
00:50:39,190 --> 00:50:36,960
there was a plan to bring hydrogen from

1427
00:50:40,710 --> 00:50:39,200
the earth to mars and use sabati a

1428
00:50:42,309 --> 00:50:40,720
catalyzation

1429
00:50:44,630 --> 00:50:42,319
to create

1430
00:50:45,990 --> 00:50:44,640
methane for instance

1431
00:50:47,589 --> 00:50:46,000
what we've learned about mars is there

1432
00:50:49,109 --> 00:50:47,599
are plentiful local resources you don't

1433
00:50:50,950 --> 00:50:49,119
need to take hydrogen to mars because

1434
00:50:53,430 --> 00:50:50,960
there's a lot of hydrogen on mars today

1435
00:50:55,589 --> 00:50:53,440
there's water in fact mars has a

1436
00:50:58,150 --> 00:50:55,599
relative humidity we have

1437
00:50:59,750 --> 00:50:58,160
an instrument on the curiosity rover

1438
00:51:01,349 --> 00:50:59,760
that measures the relative humidity in

1439
00:51:02,710 --> 00:51:01,359
principle we could pull water out of the

1440
00:51:05,030 --> 00:51:02,720
atmosphere

1441
00:51:06,630 --> 00:51:05,040
and use that hydrogen and oxygen and if

1442
00:51:08,630 --> 00:51:06,640
you have hydrogen and oxygen you have

1443
00:51:10,470 --> 00:51:08,640
rocket fuel that's what we power the

1444
00:51:12,630 --> 00:51:10,480
space shuttle with that's what we launch

1445
00:51:14,870 --> 00:51:12,640
rockets with a very good fuel or we

1446
00:51:17,190 --> 00:51:14,880
could make hydrocarbons because we have

1447
00:51:19,829 --> 00:51:17,200
hydrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide so we

1448
00:51:22,069 --> 00:51:19,839
have carbon and oxygen there and there's

1449
00:51:24,549 --> 00:51:22,079
a huge gear ratio for using a huge

1450
00:51:25,829 --> 00:51:24,559
advantage for using local resources

1451
00:51:26,630 --> 00:51:25,839
because you don't have to take it with

1452
00:51:29,510 --> 00:51:26,640
you

1453
00:51:31,510 --> 00:51:29,520
and so on the mars 2020 rover we which

1454
00:51:33,910 --> 00:51:31,520
we will launch in 2020

1455
00:51:36,470 --> 00:51:33,920
we have the in-situ resource utilization

1456
00:51:37,430 --> 00:51:36,480
experiment that's a partnership between

1457
00:51:40,069 --> 00:51:37,440
all of us

1458
00:51:43,030 --> 00:51:40,079
to use co2 to produce oxygen so that's a

1459
00:51:45,589 --> 00:51:43,040
first step so that'll be a catalysis

1460
00:51:46,950 --> 00:51:45,599
of stripping off the carbon and saving

1461
00:51:49,109 --> 00:51:46,960
the oxygen

1462
00:51:51,510 --> 00:51:49,119
so that's a first step i think whatever

1463
00:51:52,870 --> 00:51:51,520
our next steps are for surface missions

1464
00:51:54,710 --> 00:51:52,880
we're going to try and increase the

1465
00:51:57,510 --> 00:51:54,720
capability and scope and try different

1466
00:51:59,990 --> 00:51:57,520
things so that hopefully uh you know

1467
00:52:01,349 --> 00:52:00,000
sometime within the next decade or so we

1468
00:52:03,589 --> 00:52:01,359
try something

1469
00:52:08,390 --> 00:52:03,599
at a scale that can create rocket fuel

1470
00:52:12,549 --> 00:52:10,470
first everybody thanks for coming over

1471
00:52:14,870 --> 00:52:12,559
and uh talking to us today john just

1472
00:52:16,150 --> 00:52:14,880
real fast uh quote you would like to say

1473
00:52:16,750 --> 00:52:16,160
is all you

1474
00:52:18,950 --> 00:52:16,760
all

1475
00:52:21,109 --> 00:52:18,960
experience human exploration i've stolen

1476
00:52:22,710 --> 00:52:21,119
that quote several times so you know

1477
00:52:25,030 --> 00:52:22,720
thanks for you know driving that point

1478
00:52:27,990 --> 00:52:25,040
home just through a question with the

1479
00:52:30,309 --> 00:52:28,000
collaboration between the um the

1480
00:52:32,150 --> 00:52:30,319
technology side and the science side how

1481
00:52:33,670 --> 00:52:32,160
closely are you guys working together

1482
00:52:35,750 --> 00:52:33,680
they're like a good com channel between

1483
00:52:37,270 --> 00:52:35,760
you two say the science side finds

1484
00:52:38,950 --> 00:52:37,280
something interesting on you know

1485
00:52:40,230 --> 00:52:38,960
curiosity finds hey this we just found

1486
00:52:41,910 --> 00:52:40,240
something that we should tell the

1487
00:52:43,510 --> 00:52:41,920
technology folks and

1488
00:52:45,270 --> 00:52:43,520
has there been a finding that sort of

1489
00:52:46,470 --> 00:52:45,280
impacted what the technology side has

1490
00:52:48,150 --> 00:52:46,480
been doing

1491
00:52:49,670 --> 00:52:48,160
thanks

1492
00:52:51,349 --> 00:52:49,680
yeah that's a great question so the way

1493
00:52:53,750 --> 00:52:51,359
right abs yeah the answer you know short

1494
00:52:55,510 --> 00:52:53,760
answer would be yes um from a technology

1495
00:52:56,950 --> 00:52:55,520
standpoint we want to develop technology

1496
00:52:58,549 --> 00:52:56,960
with a purpose right we want to solve

1497
00:53:00,150 --> 00:52:58,559
problems so what do we want to solve

1498
00:53:02,309 --> 00:53:00,160
well the customer is the way i look at

1499
00:53:04,150 --> 00:53:02,319
it or john and bill what do you need and

1500
00:53:05,910 --> 00:53:04,160
so we've worked really hard in the three

1501
00:53:07,589 --> 00:53:05,920
years it's the space technology has been

1502
00:53:09,030 --> 00:53:07,599
up and running we've worked really hard

1503
00:53:11,030 --> 00:53:09,040
to improve that connection with science

1504
00:53:13,270 --> 00:53:11,040
and what do you need and we have now

1505
00:53:15,030 --> 00:53:13,280
a number of activities that we're doing

1506
00:53:16,790 --> 00:53:15,040
in support of science and in fact one

1507
00:53:18,870 --> 00:53:16,800
example for those following the

1508
00:53:20,549 --> 00:53:18,880
discovery 14 this is a

1509
00:53:22,630 --> 00:53:20,559
competitive announcement in the science

1510
00:53:24,470 --> 00:53:22,640
community to go do great science uh that

1511
00:53:26,390 --> 00:53:24,480
that announcement of opportunities open

1512
00:53:29,510 --> 00:53:26,400
to the community that list explicitly

1513
00:53:31,750 --> 00:53:29,520
lists uh seven technologies encouraging

1514
00:53:33,589 --> 00:53:31,760
the science community to use there's

1515
00:53:35,109 --> 00:53:33,599
some incentivization in there and those

1516
00:53:36,710 --> 00:53:35,119
are technologies done in combination

1517
00:53:39,270 --> 00:53:36,720
with john hey what do you need what does

1518
00:53:41,349 --> 00:53:39,280
the science community need

1519
00:53:42,790 --> 00:53:41,359
a very specific example about things

1520
00:53:44,790 --> 00:53:42,800
we've learned and it's not necessarily

1521
00:53:46,150 --> 00:53:44,800
just discoveries although that factors

1522
00:53:48,150 --> 00:53:46,160
into it the

1523
00:53:50,150 --> 00:53:48,160
water within rocks that maybe we can

1524
00:53:52,710 --> 00:53:50,160
then extract by heating them and driving

1525
00:53:54,710 --> 00:53:52,720
off the water but more importantly

1526
00:53:57,349 --> 00:53:54,720
sort of a coral area of all exploration

1527
00:53:59,750 --> 00:53:57,359
is human exploration the curiosity rover

1528
00:54:01,430 --> 00:53:59,760
takes a lot of great images with all of

1529
00:54:03,990 --> 00:54:01,440
its cameras

1530
00:54:06,150 --> 00:54:04,000
most of the images stay on mars

1531
00:54:08,710 --> 00:54:06,160
because we don't have the bandwidth

1532
00:54:11,510 --> 00:54:08,720
to get the images back to earth

1533
00:54:12,710 --> 00:54:11,520
and even in the driving the analysis of

1534
00:54:15,349 --> 00:54:12,720
the scene and trying to get high

1535
00:54:16,549 --> 00:54:15,359
resolution images so that we can plan

1536
00:54:19,270 --> 00:54:16,559
what the next

1537
00:54:21,109 --> 00:54:19,280
traverses 100 meters will be like so we

1538
00:54:23,349 --> 00:54:21,119
can tell the rover to drive autonomously

1539
00:54:25,270 --> 00:54:23,359
for instance to get all of those images

1540
00:54:27,349 --> 00:54:25,280
back takes a long time because we're

1541
00:54:29,030 --> 00:54:27,359
railing up through an orbiter and then

1542
00:54:29,910 --> 00:54:29,040
through the deep space network back to

1543
00:54:31,910 --> 00:54:29,920
earth

1544
00:54:34,150 --> 00:54:31,920
if we had optical communications so

1545
00:54:36,630 --> 00:54:34,160
instead of radio we went to optical we

1546
00:54:39,109 --> 00:54:36,640
could have high bandwidth get that

1547
00:54:40,390 --> 00:54:39,119
data back to earth increase the science

1548
00:54:41,510 --> 00:54:40,400
exploration

1549
00:54:43,270 --> 00:54:41,520
but also

1550
00:54:44,710 --> 00:54:43,280
allow us to operate better and when we

1551
00:54:46,309 --> 00:54:44,720
get to human scales we're really going

1552
00:54:48,870 --> 00:54:46,319
to want that and so we're looking

1553
00:54:50,710 --> 00:54:48,880
aggressively at optical communication

1554
00:54:52,710 --> 00:54:50,720
which is

1555
00:54:54,549 --> 00:54:52,720
technology investments by technology and

1556
00:54:55,990 --> 00:54:54,559
then it'll be operational inside of

1557
00:54:57,589 --> 00:54:56,000
human space flight and we'll all take

1558
00:54:59,109 --> 00:54:57,599
advantage of it

1559
00:55:00,630 --> 00:54:59,119
unfortunately we have time for two more

1560
00:55:02,790 --> 00:55:00,640
questions uh i know we have them here in

1561
00:55:04,630 --> 00:55:02,800
the room

1562
00:55:05,750 --> 00:55:04,640
uh hi uh i get like everyone else thank

1563
00:55:07,190 --> 00:55:05,760
you so much for coming and talking to us

1564
00:55:09,910 --> 00:55:07,200
i apologize this is a really nerdy

1565
00:55:12,069 --> 00:55:09,920
question um i've spent a lot of time

1566
00:55:13,510 --> 00:55:12,079
reading the fifth divine design

1567
00:55:15,750 --> 00:55:13,520
reference architecture it's a really

1568
00:55:17,430 --> 00:55:15,760
great document about a possible path to

1569
00:55:18,870 --> 00:55:17,440
mars but it's getting old at this point

1570
00:55:20,710 --> 00:55:18,880
i mean it still basically is referring

1571
00:55:23,270 --> 00:55:20,720
to the constellation program

1572
00:55:25,750 --> 00:55:23,280
is there any plans to kind of be doing a

1573
00:55:27,349 --> 00:55:25,760
dr a6 at some point or is that you is

1574
00:55:29,829 --> 00:55:27,359
that just not where your resources are

1575
00:55:33,510 --> 00:55:31,349
talk to you about the split mission

1576
00:55:35,030 --> 00:55:33,520
concept of where cargo goes first that's

1577
00:55:37,190 --> 00:55:35,040
this next version we call it the

1578
00:55:41,109 --> 00:55:37,200
evolvable mars campaign so

1579
00:55:42,950 --> 00:55:41,119
try instead of being a specific

1580
00:55:44,870 --> 00:55:42,960
design reference mission per se with

1581
00:55:46,230 --> 00:55:44,880
finite points we're going to try to make

1582
00:55:47,910 --> 00:55:46,240
a little bit more flexible with some

1583
00:55:50,069 --> 00:55:47,920
kind of off-ramps and other pieces the

1584
00:55:51,990 --> 00:55:50,079
other piece that's important is is look

1585
00:55:53,829 --> 00:55:52,000
at where we can reuse components so

1586
00:55:55,910 --> 00:55:53,839
maybe the habitation module that goes to

1587
00:55:57,750 --> 00:55:55,920
mars maybe we actually park it someplace

1588
00:55:59,270 --> 00:55:57,760
in a high elliptical earth orbit we may

1589
00:56:00,870 --> 00:55:59,280
park it around the moon in a distant

1590
00:56:03,030 --> 00:56:00,880
retrograde orbit where we might put the

1591
00:56:04,710 --> 00:56:03,040
asteroid there's certain things we're

1592
00:56:06,549 --> 00:56:04,720
looking at to trade to see if those make

1593
00:56:07,910 --> 00:56:06,559
sense from an overall standpoint so

1594
00:56:10,150 --> 00:56:07,920
you're going to see us come out probably

1595
00:56:11,829 --> 00:56:10,160
next year with with kind of an update of

1596
00:56:13,349 --> 00:56:11,839
a plan of how this is starting to come

1597
00:56:15,349 --> 00:56:13,359
together but it's not going to be as

1598
00:56:18,150 --> 00:56:15,359
discreet maybe as a design reference

1599
00:56:19,589 --> 00:56:18,160
mission five it's gonna have a little

1600
00:56:21,349 --> 00:56:19,599
more softness in it a little more

1601
00:56:23,030 --> 00:56:21,359
flexibility in it so it can show the

1602
00:56:25,349 --> 00:56:23,040
paths and then we want the community to

1603
00:56:27,030 --> 00:56:25,359
help us figure out exactly the right way

1604
00:56:28,549 --> 00:56:27,040
to go do this because i think things

1605
00:56:30,390 --> 00:56:28,559
will change over time to think we know

1606
00:56:32,390 --> 00:56:30,400
all the technology that'll be in place

1607
00:56:33,910 --> 00:56:32,400
and exactly how things will work today

1608
00:56:35,829 --> 00:56:33,920
and we try to project that 20 years in

1609
00:56:37,589 --> 00:56:35,839
the future that's not a very effective

1610
00:56:39,349 --> 00:56:37,599
approach you need to be ready and if

1611
00:56:41,589 --> 00:56:39,359
some new technology comes online or a

1612
00:56:43,030 --> 00:56:41,599
new way of doing business is there or

1613
00:56:44,630 --> 00:56:43,040
something's there we're ready adapt and

1614
00:56:46,470 --> 00:56:44,640
move that and we and we haven't built

1615
00:56:48,390 --> 00:56:46,480
such an infrastructure it's so rigid it

1616
00:56:49,750 --> 00:56:48,400
can't adapt and change to those those

1617
00:56:51,510 --> 00:56:49,760
pieces so you'll see something probably

1618
00:56:53,030 --> 00:56:51,520
next year yeah that that's a nice

1619
00:56:54,470 --> 00:56:53,040
difference and a very important one i

1620
00:56:56,069 --> 00:56:54,480
think that we have to emphasize is we

1621
00:56:58,390 --> 00:56:56,079
all operate and live in an uncertain

1622
00:57:00,230 --> 00:56:58,400
world and if and you need to plan

1623
00:57:02,390 --> 00:57:00,240
accordingly and we can't be rigid in our

1624
00:57:04,470 --> 00:57:02,400
plans we really that flexibility i think

1625
00:57:07,190 --> 00:57:04,480
is what makes this this new plan really

1626
00:57:08,870 --> 00:57:07,200
uh uh different and essential and and i

1627
00:57:11,190 --> 00:57:08,880
think the other real strength of it is

1628
00:57:13,430 --> 00:57:11,200
is what you see up here today is science

1629
00:57:15,270 --> 00:57:13,440
technology and human exploration working

1630
00:57:17,349 --> 00:57:15,280
really closely together to say what's

1631
00:57:19,190 --> 00:57:17,359
the best plan to really optimize all the

1632
00:57:21,109 --> 00:57:19,200
different areas of nasa to make sure

1633
00:57:22,309 --> 00:57:21,119
we're coming up with a flexible

1634
00:57:27,829 --> 00:57:22,319
path

1635
00:57:33,750 --> 00:57:31,750
uh hi thank you very much um i'm julia

1636
00:57:35,270 --> 00:57:33,760
and i run a fashion tech blog called

1637
00:57:37,349 --> 00:57:35,280
technically sweet

1638
00:57:39,430 --> 00:57:37,359
and i think there's a lot of people that

1639
00:57:41,670 --> 00:57:39,440
are underrepresented that would like to

1640
00:57:43,990 --> 00:57:41,680
hear about some of the fashion

1641
00:57:45,910 --> 00:57:44,000
technology or the wearable technology

1642
00:57:49,750 --> 00:57:45,920
that the astronauts are pioneering with

1643
00:57:53,349 --> 00:57:49,760
this amazing nasa resources

1644
00:57:54,870 --> 00:57:53,359
are they wearing or or using anything

1645
00:57:57,349 --> 00:57:54,880
any advancements that we might be able

1646
00:57:59,349 --> 00:57:57,359
to trickle down to all of us for

1647
00:58:02,870 --> 00:57:59,359
accessibility purposes

1648
00:58:04,390 --> 00:58:02,880
or for everyone to utilize later on

1649
00:58:06,710 --> 00:58:04,400
well one thing we have on board space

1650
00:58:09,510 --> 00:58:06,720
station today is we have we typically do

1651
00:58:10,789 --> 00:58:09,520
a lot of ekg measurements on our crews

1652
00:58:12,710 --> 00:58:10,799
and typically you have to place the

1653
00:58:14,470 --> 00:58:12,720
electrodes on your body and then stick

1654
00:58:16,069 --> 00:58:14,480
them and adhere them we now have a vest

1655
00:58:17,750 --> 00:58:16,079
and you can just simply put the vest on

1656
00:58:19,430 --> 00:58:17,760
it automatically puts the electrodes in

1657
00:58:21,109 --> 00:58:19,440
the proper position for the crew members

1658
00:58:23,190 --> 00:58:21,119
and then the data can be telemetered

1659
00:58:24,710 --> 00:58:23,200
down to the ground for the folks to look

1660
00:58:26,150 --> 00:58:24,720
at so that's that's one thing we're

1661
00:58:27,990 --> 00:58:26,160
doing and we're starting to use those

1662
00:58:30,710 --> 00:58:28,000
those type of things

1663
00:58:32,470 --> 00:58:30,720
we also use the active watches i think

1664
00:58:35,030 --> 00:58:32,480
john probably wore one when he was in

1665
00:58:36,710 --> 00:58:35,040
space that keeps track of sleep cycles

1666
00:58:38,549 --> 00:58:36,720
and information along those lines they

1667
00:58:40,230 --> 00:58:38,559
all wear dosimeters so they can look at

1668
00:58:41,910 --> 00:58:40,240
the radiation environment during their

1669
00:58:43,510 --> 00:58:41,920
missions those kind of things so there's

1670
00:58:45,990 --> 00:58:43,520
lots of little pieces of medical

1671
00:58:48,470 --> 00:58:46,000
technology that we're starting to to put

1672
00:58:51,349 --> 00:58:48,480
on our crew members to capture data

1673
00:58:53,510 --> 00:58:51,359
unintrusively we also have some

1674
00:58:55,030 --> 00:58:53,520
some new shoes we have with the

1675
00:58:57,109 --> 00:58:55,040
accelerometers in the bottom of the

1676
00:58:58,950 --> 00:58:57,119
shoes so when they run on the treadmill

1677
00:59:00,630 --> 00:58:58,960
or they do the advanced resistive

1678
00:59:02,710 --> 00:59:00,640
exercise device you can actually look at

1679
00:59:06,150 --> 00:59:02,720
the loading that's going into the into

1680
00:59:08,230 --> 00:59:06,160
your in your femurs into your lower

1681
00:59:10,309 --> 00:59:08,240
lower bone structure to see if there's a

1682
00:59:11,430 --> 00:59:10,319
correlation between bone loss and how

1683
00:59:13,589 --> 00:59:11,440
much loading you get through your

1684
00:59:15,270 --> 00:59:13,599
exercise so these are devices that make

1685
00:59:17,270 --> 00:59:15,280
it transparent to the user that they

1686
00:59:19,829 --> 00:59:17,280
don't have to consciously even think

1687
00:59:21,109 --> 00:59:19,839
about it the data just gets collected

1688
00:59:23,270 --> 00:59:21,119
of course

1689
00:59:24,630 --> 00:59:23,280
you can uh address to go spacewalking

1690
00:59:26,230 --> 00:59:24,640
you know we have the helmet mounted

1691
00:59:27,829 --> 00:59:26,240
cameras that we've had for for a number

1692
00:59:29,510 --> 00:59:27,839
of years and i see quite a few

1693
00:59:31,190 --> 00:59:29,520
head-mounted cameras here

1694
00:59:32,950 --> 00:59:31,200
uh you know that that's a critical

1695
00:59:34,230 --> 00:59:32,960
component and the you know the cool

1696
00:59:35,910 --> 00:59:34,240
thing for us is it allows the folks that

1697
00:59:37,990 --> 00:59:35,920
are staying inside of the space station

1698
00:59:39,750 --> 00:59:38,000
to see so we can communicate better but

1699
00:59:41,190 --> 00:59:39,760
more importantly you know folks on earth

1700
00:59:43,109 --> 00:59:41,200
actually can experience this spacewalk

1701
00:59:45,349 --> 00:59:43,119
that way too and i'll just say from a

1702
00:59:46,870 --> 00:59:45,359
more way cool fashion if you ask me of

1703
00:59:48,390 --> 00:59:46,880
course i'm a guy i don't know what i

1704
00:59:50,870 --> 00:59:48,400
know about it but my wife tells me i

1705
00:59:52,870 --> 00:59:50,880
don't know much but david newman at mit

1706
00:59:54,710 --> 00:59:52,880
did some advanced work and under the

1707
00:59:56,870 --> 00:59:54,720
innovative yeah advanced concepts and

1708
00:59:58,069 --> 00:59:56,880
she's been nominated as nasa deputy

1709
01:00:03,270 --> 00:59:58,079
administrator and if you look at some of

1710
01:00:07,430 --> 01:00:05,430
there's a there's a document called uh

1711
01:00:10,230 --> 01:00:07,440
spin-offs and i encourage you to

1712
01:00:12,549 --> 01:00:10,240
download the electronic version because

1713
01:00:14,549 --> 01:00:12,559
the the bound version is so thick and

1714
01:00:16,150 --> 01:00:14,559
heavy but that's because there's so many

1715
01:00:17,109 --> 01:00:16,160
things that that are spinning off out

1716
01:00:24,309 --> 01:00:17,119
into the

1717
01:00:27,270 --> 01:00:25,750
the question was what are the spacesuits

1718
01:00:28,870 --> 01:00:27,280
made out of that going to mars and and

1719
01:00:30,230 --> 01:00:28,880
that's a really anybody here a material

1720
01:00:31,510 --> 01:00:30,240
scientist

1721
01:00:33,510 --> 01:00:31,520
i think actually we probably haven't

1722
01:00:35,270 --> 01:00:33,520
invented the material yet but people are

1723
01:00:37,190 --> 01:00:35,280
working on it that will form the basis

1724
01:00:38,549 --> 01:00:37,200
of those spacesuits that's one of the

1725
01:00:39,589 --> 01:00:38,559
areas

1726
01:00:41,589 --> 01:00:39,599
that's

1727
01:00:44,470 --> 01:00:41,599
you know really ripe for

1728
01:00:46,069 --> 01:00:44,480
discovery is our ability to customize

1729
01:00:47,430 --> 01:00:46,079
and build brand new materials which of

1730
01:00:48,710 --> 01:00:47,440
course is the essence of the fashion

1731
01:00:50,390 --> 01:00:48,720
industry

1732
01:00:52,390 --> 01:00:50,400
and then there's the anti-fashion

1733
01:00:54,710 --> 01:00:52,400
industry this is

1734
01:00:56,549 --> 01:00:54,720
we carry a lot of

1735
01:00:58,390 --> 01:00:56,559
clothes for the crews to wear so we're

1736
01:01:01,109 --> 01:00:58,400
looking at long duration clothing

1737
01:01:03,510 --> 01:01:01,119
material so we have stuff with

1738
01:01:05,829 --> 01:01:03,520
silver fibers in them we have various

1739
01:01:08,309 --> 01:01:05,839
other materials that don't that don't

1740
01:01:09,990 --> 01:01:08,319
absorb sweat and don't let bacteria grow

1741
01:01:12,789 --> 01:01:10,000
so we're looking at how long you can go

1742
01:01:15,589 --> 01:01:12,799
without changing your clothes so so this

1743
01:01:17,829 --> 01:01:15,599
is kind of the the the anti-fashion

1744
01:01:20,390 --> 01:01:17,839
world so so you would have one outfit

1745
01:01:22,309 --> 01:01:20,400
for your entire mars duration of 360

1746
01:01:23,990 --> 01:01:22,319
days now no one may ever talk to you and

1747
01:01:25,349 --> 01:01:24,000
the martians will run away from you when

1748
01:01:26,470 --> 01:01:25,359
you get there but but we're we're

1749
01:01:27,910 --> 01:01:26,480
starting to experiment with some of that

1750
01:01:29,910 --> 01:01:27,920
because it is a big volume if you have

1751
01:01:31,990 --> 01:01:29,920
to carry a lot of clothes and a lot of

1752
01:01:34,069 --> 01:01:32,000
material with you

1753
01:01:35,510 --> 01:01:34,079
explorers mountaineers and long system

1754
01:01:37,670 --> 01:01:35,520
sailors they typically only bring one

1755
01:01:39,030 --> 01:01:37,680
pair of clothes for months so it's it's

1756
01:01:40,630 --> 01:01:39,040
no big deal

1757
01:01:42,309 --> 01:01:40,640
and gilligan's island's on for years and

1758
01:01:43,270 --> 01:01:42,319
they just wore the same outfits

1759
01:01:44,870 --> 01:01:43,280
unfortunately that's all the time we

1760
01:01:48,230 --> 01:01:44,880
have with our panel uh give a round of

1761
01:01:48,240 --> 01:01:56,390
thank you

1762
01:01:59,510 --> 01:01:58,150
so while our exploration goals are going

1763
01:02:00,630 --> 01:01:59,520
deeper and further into space than ever

1764
01:02:02,630 --> 01:02:00,640
before

1765
01:02:05,349 --> 01:02:02,640
we're also investing in commercial

1766
01:02:07,109 --> 01:02:05,359
companies to keep us fly astronauts in

1767
01:02:30,789 --> 01:02:07,119
low earth orbit let's roll the next

1768
01:02:30,799 --> 01:02:52,950
first stages

1769
01:03:01,109 --> 01:02:54,789
commercial crew program phil mcallister

1770
01:03:05,190 --> 01:03:03,510
so i only have five minutes i've got so

1771
01:03:06,870 --> 01:03:05,200
much to tell you guys in five minutes

1772
01:03:09,190 --> 01:03:06,880
it's really hard for me to say

1773
01:03:12,390 --> 01:03:09,200
commercial crew in five minutes plus i

1774
01:03:14,549 --> 01:03:12,400
can't use acronyms now it's doubly hard

1775
01:03:16,309 --> 01:03:14,559
for someone from nasa but you know we do

1776
01:03:18,549 --> 01:03:16,319
hard things at nasa so i will give it a

1777
01:03:21,029 --> 01:03:18,559
try so what is this thing we're calling

1778
01:03:23,430 --> 01:03:21,039
uh commercial crew um

1779
01:03:24,870 --> 01:03:23,440
i think the best way to describe it

1780
01:03:26,470 --> 01:03:24,880
you know you've seen the shuttle

1781
01:03:28,150 --> 01:03:26,480
everybody's kind of familiar with that

1782
01:03:29,589 --> 01:03:28,160
and now you hear commercial crew and you

1783
01:03:31,430 --> 01:03:29,599
think was nasa getting out of the

1784
01:03:32,390 --> 01:03:31,440
business of transporting astronauts up

1785
01:03:34,630 --> 01:03:32,400
and down

1786
01:03:35,910 --> 01:03:34,640
to low earth orbit and the answer is no

1787
01:03:38,230 --> 01:03:35,920
we're just doing it in a slightly

1788
01:03:39,109 --> 01:03:38,240
different way if you remember the

1789
01:03:40,710 --> 01:03:39,119
shuttle

1790
01:03:42,470 --> 01:03:40,720
uh we all have a

1791
01:03:44,230 --> 01:03:42,480
soft spot in our hearts for the shuttle

1792
01:03:45,670 --> 01:03:44,240
particularly us here at nasa if you

1793
01:03:47,829 --> 01:03:45,680
think about how that was

1794
01:03:49,510 --> 01:03:47,839
produced and how it was made nasa was

1795
01:03:51,910 --> 01:03:49,520
really in charge of just about every

1796
01:03:54,390 --> 01:03:51,920
aspect of that development right we we

1797
01:03:55,990 --> 01:03:54,400
owned and operated the hardware we made

1798
01:03:58,150 --> 01:03:56,000
every decision about how it was going to

1799
01:03:59,990 --> 01:03:58,160
operate we did have the private sector

1800
01:04:02,549 --> 01:04:00,000
produce it for us but under very

1801
01:04:04,789 --> 01:04:02,559
exacting specifications we had over 12

1802
01:04:06,309 --> 01:04:04,799
000 requirements that we gave to the

1803
01:04:08,309 --> 01:04:06,319
private sector for them to build the

1804
01:04:10,309 --> 01:04:08,319
space shuttle and at the end of the day

1805
01:04:12,230 --> 01:04:10,319
we were the only customers

1806
01:04:13,510 --> 01:04:12,240
that's how we did it before and how

1807
01:04:15,349 --> 01:04:13,520
would we like to do it in the future if

1808
01:04:17,670 --> 01:04:15,359
you think about when we think about the

1809
01:04:20,069 --> 01:04:17,680
vision for transporting people to low

1810
01:04:22,230 --> 01:04:20,079
earth orbit out in the future it's very

1811
01:04:24,470 --> 01:04:22,240
much like aviation so i live in dc when

1812
01:04:26,630 --> 01:04:24,480
i came down here to orlando i bought a

1813
01:04:27,910 --> 01:04:26,640
ticket on united i went to the airport

1814
01:04:30,710 --> 01:04:27,920
got on the plane with a lot of other

1815
01:04:32,309 --> 01:04:30,720
customers and got down here to orlando

1816
01:04:34,069 --> 01:04:32,319
for a reasonably

1817
01:04:35,670 --> 01:04:34,079
good price i'd always like it to be

1818
01:04:37,990 --> 01:04:35,680
lower but you know it was something that

1819
01:04:39,910 --> 01:04:38,000
a normal person like myself could afford

1820
01:04:42,549 --> 01:04:39,920
that's how we would like it to be in the

1821
01:04:44,789 --> 01:04:42,559
future uh going up and down to low earth

1822
01:04:45,750 --> 01:04:44,799
orbit where nasa employees just buy a

1823
01:04:47,190 --> 01:04:45,760
ticket

1824
01:04:49,270 --> 01:04:47,200
from a company that's providing this

1825
01:04:51,109 --> 01:04:49,280
service to multiple customers to go up

1826
01:04:52,950 --> 01:04:51,119
and down to low earth orbit now that's

1827
01:04:54,789 --> 01:04:52,960
in the future so what are we doing today

1828
01:04:56,950 --> 01:04:54,799
that's really commercial crew and what

1829
01:04:59,029 --> 01:04:56,960
we're doing today is a public-private

1830
01:05:00,870 --> 01:04:59,039
partnership where we are

1831
01:05:03,349 --> 01:05:00,880
sharing the risks we're sharing the

1832
01:05:05,589 --> 01:05:03,359
financing we're sharing uh

1833
01:05:08,390 --> 01:05:05,599
the design decisions about how we're

1834
01:05:10,069 --> 01:05:08,400
going to develop these next systems to

1835
01:05:11,510 --> 01:05:10,079
get our people up and down to low earth

1836
01:05:13,829 --> 01:05:11,520
orbit so

1837
01:05:15,910 --> 01:05:13,839
the private sector is bringing their on

1838
01:05:17,910 --> 01:05:15,920
ingenuity their innovation and their

1839
01:05:20,309 --> 01:05:17,920
attention to cost effectiveness which is

1840
01:05:22,309 --> 01:05:20,319
really important and nasa is bringing

1841
01:05:24,549 --> 01:05:22,319
some financing ourselves as well as our

1842
01:05:25,829 --> 01:05:24,559
experience and lessons learned from all

1843
01:05:28,069 --> 01:05:25,839
of our previous human space flight

1844
01:05:30,150 --> 01:05:28,079
generations to to do something that we

1845
01:05:32,470 --> 01:05:30,160
think is going to be super powerful have

1846
01:05:34,150 --> 01:05:32,480
safe reliable and cost-effective space

1847
01:05:36,150 --> 01:05:34,160
transportation to and from the

1848
01:05:37,270 --> 01:05:36,160
international space station and to low

1849
01:05:39,510 --> 01:05:37,280
earth orbit

1850
01:05:42,470 --> 01:05:39,520
and we think that's going to be

1851
01:05:44,549 --> 01:05:42,480
an effective way to move forward

1852
01:05:46,630 --> 01:05:44,559
but we're only again talking about low

1853
01:05:47,910 --> 01:05:46,640
earth orbit you've seen all these great

1854
01:05:50,870 --> 01:05:47,920
things that we're doing

1855
01:05:53,029 --> 01:05:50,880
tomorrow's test launch we're going to

1856
01:05:54,870 --> 01:05:53,039
mars and the and the planets and that's

1857
01:05:57,109 --> 01:05:54,880
really more of a traditional nasa role

1858
01:06:00,309 --> 01:05:57,119
we don't see many customers for going to

1859
01:06:01,430 --> 01:06:00,319
mars besides nasa in the near term so i

1860
01:06:03,190 --> 01:06:01,440
think

1861
01:06:05,349 --> 01:06:03,200
having this combination of the private

1862
01:06:06,870 --> 01:06:05,359
sector taking more responsibility for

1863
01:06:08,630 --> 01:06:06,880
low earth orbit operations which is

1864
01:06:10,150 --> 01:06:08,640
something that we've been doing for 40

1865
01:06:11,910 --> 01:06:10,160
50 years now

1866
01:06:13,510 --> 01:06:11,920
it's still hard but it's gotten to be a

1867
01:06:15,029 --> 01:06:13,520
little bit more routine so it's a little

1868
01:06:17,430 --> 01:06:15,039
bit more

1869
01:06:19,510 --> 01:06:17,440
easy to see a transition for the private

1870
01:06:21,270 --> 01:06:19,520
sector to take more of a role in doing

1871
01:06:23,670 --> 01:06:21,280
that but when you're going out to say

1872
01:06:25,670 --> 01:06:23,680
the moon and mars that's a really really

1873
01:06:28,069 --> 01:06:25,680
difficult thing that we see more of a

1874
01:06:29,670 --> 01:06:28,079
traditional nasa mission if you want to

1875
01:06:32,470 --> 01:06:29,680
think about it the international space

1876
01:06:33,510 --> 01:06:32,480
station it's about 250 miles away from

1877
01:06:36,870 --> 01:06:33,520
the earth

1878
01:06:39,109 --> 01:06:36,880
the moon is about 250 000 miles away so

1879
01:06:42,230 --> 01:06:39,119
that's a lot harder and mars is about

1880
01:06:44,390 --> 01:06:42,240
150 million miles away so that's even

1881
01:06:46,230 --> 01:06:44,400
that's even much harder obviously so

1882
01:06:47,990 --> 01:06:46,240
this combination of having the private

1883
01:06:49,910 --> 01:06:48,000
sector take more of a role to low earth

1884
01:06:52,150 --> 01:06:49,920
orbit and nasa is still pushing the

1885
01:06:54,230 --> 01:06:52,160
state of the art we think that's what

1886
01:06:56,390 --> 01:06:54,240
america's human space flight program

1887
01:06:58,390 --> 01:06:56,400
should look like in the 21st century

1888
01:07:00,549 --> 01:06:58,400
where private sector is bringing their

1889
01:07:03,750 --> 01:07:00,559
skills and ingenuity and we are bringing

1890
01:07:05,270 --> 01:07:03,760
our experience and also our uh history

1891
01:07:07,829 --> 01:07:05,280
and knowledge and together we build

1892
01:07:10,069 --> 01:07:07,839
these really really strong systems and i

1893
01:07:12,390 --> 01:07:10,079
think that's going to make space travel

1894
01:07:14,230 --> 01:07:12,400
more accessible to everybody that is

1895
01:07:15,750 --> 01:07:14,240
certainly the hope in the future that we

1896
01:07:17,510 --> 01:07:15,760
drive down the cost we've seen this in

1897
01:07:19,349 --> 01:07:17,520
just about every mode of transportation

1898
01:07:21,589 --> 01:07:19,359
initially it's very very expensive but

1899
01:07:24,470 --> 01:07:21,599
as entrepreneurs come in

1900
01:07:26,150 --> 01:07:24,480
and they and innovations and competition

1901
01:07:28,630 --> 01:07:26,160
and you really drive the cost down we

1902
01:07:30,549 --> 01:07:28,640
see it a good analogy is uh climbing

1903
01:07:32,230 --> 01:07:30,559
mount everest if you think those first

1904
01:07:34,470 --> 01:07:32,240
expeditions up to mount everest they

1905
01:07:36,710 --> 01:07:34,480
were government financed they were very

1906
01:07:38,069 --> 01:07:36,720
expensive took a very long time

1907
01:07:40,069 --> 01:07:38,079
today

1908
01:07:41,670 --> 01:07:40,079
many many more people can can do that

1909
01:07:43,430 --> 01:07:41,680
you don't see governments doing it it's

1910
01:07:45,349 --> 01:07:43,440
personally financed you have commercial

1911
01:07:47,589 --> 01:07:45,359
operators doing that and helping people

1912
01:07:50,950 --> 01:07:47,599
go up and down we hope to see that kind

1913
01:07:53,430 --> 01:07:50,960
of transition as well and the reason why

1914
01:07:54,870 --> 01:07:53,440
i think this is so important

1915
01:07:57,510 --> 01:07:54,880
to bring the private sector more

1916
01:08:00,069 --> 01:07:57,520
involved in if nasa

1917
01:08:02,710 --> 01:08:00,079
was the only organization that did space

1918
01:08:05,109 --> 01:08:02,720
exploration we would always be limited

1919
01:08:05,990 --> 01:08:05,119
in our space aspirations by the nasa

1920
01:08:08,069 --> 01:08:06,000
budget

1921
01:08:09,829 --> 01:08:08,079
we get between 15 and 20 billion dollars

1922
01:08:12,230 --> 01:08:09,839
a year and if we were the only ones

1923
01:08:13,990 --> 01:08:12,240
doing it that's as much as we could do

1924
01:08:15,829 --> 01:08:14,000
in space when you bring the private

1925
01:08:17,910 --> 01:08:15,839
sector and they can help with this

1926
01:08:19,430 --> 01:08:17,920
financing you think about it there's

1927
01:08:21,829 --> 01:08:19,440
really no limit to what we can do in

1928
01:08:23,269 --> 01:08:21,839
space except our imaginations and that's

1929
01:08:25,110 --> 01:08:23,279
what's really cool to me that's why i

1930
01:08:27,910 --> 01:08:25,120
get really excited about

1931
01:08:30,390 --> 01:08:27,920
commercial crew we're trying to expand

1932
01:08:33,749 --> 01:08:30,400
our economic sphere out into low earth

1933
01:08:36,550 --> 01:08:33,759
orbit and the solar system and why that

1934
01:08:38,309 --> 01:08:36,560
is so important is we've seen over time

1935
01:08:40,470 --> 01:08:38,319
how tenuous our human space flight

1936
01:08:43,030 --> 01:08:40,480
programs can be

1937
01:08:45,189 --> 01:08:43,040
once we get economic interests out into

1938
01:08:47,590 --> 01:08:45,199
low earth orbit there will be no turning

1939
01:08:50,309 --> 01:08:47,600
back we will have planted as i like to

1940
01:08:52,630 --> 01:08:50,319
say our first sustainable flagpole in

1941
01:08:54,229 --> 01:08:52,640
our exploration of space once we have

1942
01:08:56,630 --> 01:08:54,239
economic interests and the private

1943
01:08:58,149 --> 01:08:56,640
sector more involved in space

1944
01:09:00,070 --> 01:08:58,159
exploration and particularly low earth

1945
01:09:02,149 --> 01:09:00,080
orbit so where are we i'm i'm going to

1946
01:09:03,829 --> 01:09:02,159
stop talking really fast right am i up

1947
01:09:07,669 --> 01:09:03,839
over my five minutes i'm sure i am yes i

1948
01:09:09,510 --> 01:09:07,679
am of course sorry yeah okay uh lastly

1949
01:09:11,910 --> 01:09:09,520
just where are we in this development uh

1950
01:09:13,669 --> 01:09:11,920
we started in about 2010 so we're about

1951
01:09:15,269 --> 01:09:13,679
halfway there we'd like to see the first

1952
01:09:18,229 --> 01:09:15,279
missions to low-earth orbit around the

1953
01:09:20,630 --> 01:09:18,239
2017 time frame so again this is it

1954
01:09:22,390 --> 01:09:20,640
takes a long time i know in today's day

1955
01:09:24,709 --> 01:09:22,400
and age if we have a six month old

1956
01:09:26,630 --> 01:09:24,719
smartphone it's a dinosaur these things

1957
01:09:27,990 --> 01:09:26,640
are hard they take a long time but

1958
01:09:29,349 --> 01:09:28,000
hopefully we'll see the first commercial

1959
01:09:31,590 --> 01:09:29,359
crew missions to the international space

1960
01:09:37,349 --> 01:09:31,600
station by about the 2017 time frame

1961
01:09:39,910 --> 01:09:38,870
we have to start with take questions in

1962
01:09:41,269 --> 01:09:39,920
the room and it'll go to some of our

1963
01:09:48,229 --> 01:09:41,279
field centers

1964
01:09:51,110 --> 01:09:49,269
hi

1965
01:09:52,709 --> 01:09:51,120
what sort of research is being done on

1966
01:09:54,149 --> 01:09:52,719
the international space station to

1967
01:09:56,310 --> 01:09:54,159
prepare for

1968
01:09:59,350 --> 01:09:56,320
long deep space exploration as far as

1969
01:10:00,709 --> 01:09:59,360
muscle loss uh for the astronauts that's

1970
01:10:02,470 --> 01:10:00,719
a great question

1971
01:10:03,350 --> 01:10:02,480
i'm probably not the best one to answer

1972
01:10:04,709 --> 01:10:03,360
that

1973
01:10:06,229 --> 01:10:04,719
probably somebody from the international

1974
01:10:07,910 --> 01:10:06,239
space station can talk to you about that

1975
01:10:10,070 --> 01:10:07,920
we've got plenty of research but that is

1976
01:10:11,590 --> 01:10:10,080
one of the keys to the international

1977
01:10:13,189 --> 01:10:11,600
space station is trying to figure out

1978
01:10:15,910 --> 01:10:13,199
how we can live and operate long

1979
01:10:17,669 --> 01:10:15,920
duration in space so though that is one

1980
01:10:19,669 --> 01:10:17,679
of the key functions and once commercial

1981
01:10:21,270 --> 01:10:19,679
crew becomes operational the key is

1982
01:10:23,990 --> 01:10:21,280
we're going to be able to add an

1983
01:10:25,990 --> 01:10:24,000
additional astronaut on space station

1984
01:10:28,149 --> 01:10:26,000
that's dedicated specifically to

1985
01:10:30,470 --> 01:10:28,159
research and helping us figure out those

1986
01:10:32,470 --> 01:10:30,480
things um and so that's one of the

1987
01:10:34,149 --> 01:10:32,480
reasons why we think commercial crew is

1988
01:10:36,550 --> 01:10:34,159
really important if you think about it

1989
01:10:38,870 --> 01:10:36,560
we've had continuous human

1990
01:10:40,950 --> 01:10:38,880
people in space for 16 years there's six

1991
01:10:42,790 --> 01:10:40,960
people on orbit right now you can see

1992
01:10:44,149 --> 01:10:42,800
them fly overhead about every 90 minutes

1993
01:10:45,590 --> 01:10:44,159
on the space station if the conditions

1994
01:10:47,669 --> 01:10:45,600
are right

1995
01:10:49,669 --> 01:10:47,679
so we've learned a lot but we have a lot

1996
01:10:51,189 --> 01:10:49,679
more to learn in order to go to mars in

1997
01:10:53,030 --> 01:10:51,199
terms of the things you've heard about

1998
01:10:54,709 --> 01:10:53,040
muscle deterioration bone loss and

1999
01:10:56,070 --> 01:10:54,719
things like that and that's why getting

2000
01:10:57,430 --> 01:10:56,080
up and down to the international space

2001
01:10:59,750 --> 01:10:57,440
station is so important and we want to

2002
01:11:04,550 --> 01:10:59,760
do it often we want to do it safely and

2003
01:11:08,470 --> 01:11:07,110
hi thank you for coming and real quick

2004
01:11:12,149 --> 01:11:08,480
for

2005
01:11:14,550 --> 01:11:12,159
other providers who is going to provide

2006
01:11:15,590 --> 01:11:14,560
uh the actual control of the vehicle and

2007
01:11:17,030 --> 01:11:15,600
training of the vehicle is that all

2008
01:11:19,030 --> 01:11:17,040
going to be done at houston or is that

2009
01:11:20,870 --> 01:11:19,040
going to be done at spacex at court

2010
01:11:22,630 --> 01:11:20,880
headquarters right so that's really up

2011
01:11:24,790 --> 01:11:22,640
to the companies uh they're going to be

2012
01:11:26,630 --> 01:11:24,800
responsible for training the crew and

2013
01:11:29,350 --> 01:11:26,640
they're going to be responsible for

2014
01:11:30,550 --> 01:11:29,360
operating the spacecraft so it's really

2015
01:11:32,550 --> 01:11:30,560
up to them

2016
01:11:34,070 --> 01:11:32,560
we will probably see some sort of

2017
01:11:36,950 --> 01:11:34,080
partnership again we've got a lot of

2018
01:11:38,470 --> 01:11:36,960
training facilities within nasa and

2019
01:11:39,750 --> 01:11:38,480
if the companies want to utilize them

2020
01:11:41,750 --> 01:11:39,760
we're going to make them available on a

2021
01:11:43,510 --> 01:11:41,760
reimbursable basis but i would suspect

2022
01:11:46,070 --> 01:11:43,520
most of that activity to happen at the

2023
01:11:48,390 --> 01:11:46,080
company's facilities and that's i think

2024
01:11:51,110 --> 01:11:48,400
that's appropriate we want them to be

2025
01:11:53,189 --> 01:11:51,120
able to do not only nasa people but

2026
01:11:55,110 --> 01:11:53,199
again other customers and so they have

2027
01:11:56,470 --> 01:11:55,120
to be able to do this without nasa and

2028
01:11:58,070 --> 01:11:56,480
we really hope that

2029
01:11:59,590 --> 01:11:58,080
they're able to accomplish that because

2030
01:12:02,950 --> 01:11:59,600
again that's in our interest because

2031
01:12:03,990 --> 01:12:02,960
then prices go down and we like that

2032
01:12:05,270 --> 01:12:04,000
phil we're now going to take a question

2033
01:12:10,550 --> 01:12:05,280
from the jet propulsion laboratory in

2034
01:12:14,390 --> 01:12:12,550
hi um i've been following all the

2035
01:12:16,870 --> 01:12:14,400
innovations that sierra nevada and

2036
01:12:18,630 --> 01:12:16,880
spacex have been doing with designing

2037
01:12:19,830 --> 01:12:18,640
their spacecraft i was wondering if any

2038
01:12:22,149 --> 01:12:19,840
of those companies comes up with

2039
01:12:24,550 --> 01:12:22,159
anything really innovative like a system

2040
01:12:27,189 --> 01:12:24,560
to return the rocket back to the um back

2041
01:12:29,270 --> 01:12:27,199
to the launch area or being able to land

2042
01:12:31,510 --> 01:12:29,280
with propulsion lockets on land will

2043
01:12:33,750 --> 01:12:31,520
nasa be adopting any of those activities

2044
01:12:34,790 --> 01:12:33,760
or any of those innovations if they turn

2045
01:12:36,870 --> 01:12:34,800
out to be something really

2046
01:12:38,790 --> 01:12:36,880
groundbreaking

2047
01:12:40,790 --> 01:12:38,800
that's another advantage to commercial

2048
01:12:43,750 --> 01:12:40,800
crew we we've had multiple companies

2049
01:12:45,270 --> 01:12:43,760
competing for these uh

2050
01:12:46,470 --> 01:12:45,280
for our agreements and contracts for

2051
01:12:47,990 --> 01:12:46,480
commercial crew and they all have a

2052
01:12:49,910 --> 01:12:48,000
different way of going about doing it

2053
01:12:51,669 --> 01:12:49,920
we're all going up and down to low earth

2054
01:12:54,709 --> 01:12:51,679
orbit but as an engineer it's really

2055
01:12:55,830 --> 01:12:54,719
cool to see how they the different ways

2056
01:12:57,830 --> 01:12:55,840
that they come up and do with these

2057
01:13:00,709 --> 01:12:57,840
things and really bringing their own

2058
01:13:02,229 --> 01:13:00,719
ideas and innovations uh to the task of

2059
01:13:02,950 --> 01:13:02,239
getting people up and down so i would

2060
01:13:07,430 --> 01:13:02,960
like

2061
01:13:10,390 --> 01:13:07,440
as these companies get better at it then

2062
01:13:12,070 --> 01:13:10,400
that that can actually spin in

2063
01:13:13,669 --> 01:13:12,080
to nasa and we've seen some of that

2064
01:13:15,189 --> 01:13:13,679
already it's actually helped with the

2065
01:13:16,790 --> 01:13:15,199
way we're doing commercial crew with

2066
01:13:18,790 --> 01:13:16,800
more of a

2067
01:13:20,709 --> 01:13:18,800
trying to trying to reduce our

2068
01:13:22,310 --> 01:13:20,719
requirements set and things like that

2069
01:13:23,750 --> 01:13:22,320
and using that for a more traditional

2070
01:13:26,390 --> 01:13:23,760
mission so that's another way commercial

2071
01:13:28,149 --> 01:13:26,400
crews and advantaging the agency if you

2072
01:13:29,910 --> 01:13:28,159
remember i said we had about 12 000

2073
01:13:33,030 --> 01:13:29,920
requirements for shuttle for commercial

2074
01:13:35,669 --> 01:13:33,040
crew it's about 300. so the companies

2075
01:13:36,950 --> 01:13:35,679
have significant flexibility to innovate

2076
01:13:39,270 --> 01:13:36,960
and come up with these interesting

2077
01:13:40,790 --> 01:13:39,280
propulsion mechanisms abort systems is

2078
01:13:42,709 --> 01:13:40,800
another innovative area that we found

2079
01:13:44,310 --> 01:13:42,719
our crew commercial crew partners coming

2080
01:13:45,669 --> 01:13:44,320
up with and several others and i would

2081
01:13:47,350 --> 01:13:45,679
expect to see some of that spin back

2082
01:13:48,470 --> 01:13:47,360
into nasa

2083
01:13:50,709 --> 01:13:48,480
okay we're now going to take a question

2084
01:13:52,870 --> 01:13:50,719
from the johnson space center in houston

2085
01:13:56,870 --> 01:13:52,880
johnson

2086
01:13:58,149 --> 01:13:56,880
hi sir uh thank you for your time today

2087
01:13:59,350 --> 01:13:58,159
um just wondering if you could speak to

2088
01:14:00,950 --> 01:13:59,360
maybe some of the other commercial

2089
01:14:03,750 --> 01:14:00,960
opportunities you might envision for

2090
01:14:04,870 --> 01:14:03,760
private sector in uh besides space taxi

2091
01:14:07,830 --> 01:14:04,880
operations

2092
01:14:10,310 --> 01:14:07,840
uh going up into orbit

2093
01:14:12,830 --> 01:14:10,320
a lot of ideas uh from the from

2094
01:14:15,110 --> 01:14:12,840
companies either asteroid mining

2095
01:14:17,510 --> 01:14:15,120
uh putting up

2096
01:14:20,229 --> 01:14:17,520
on their own private space stations

2097
01:14:22,310 --> 01:14:20,239
satellite servicing the moon has a lot

2098
01:14:25,669 --> 01:14:22,320
of opportunities you've got the google

2099
01:14:26,950 --> 01:14:25,679
lunar x prize and things like that

2100
01:14:29,030 --> 01:14:26,960
i almost see

2101
01:14:30,790 --> 01:14:29,040
not limitless but there's so many

2102
01:14:32,070 --> 01:14:30,800
potential ideas

2103
01:14:33,910 --> 01:14:32,080
again we're only limited by our

2104
01:14:35,910 --> 01:14:33,920
imagination and of course a good

2105
01:14:37,990 --> 01:14:35,920
business plan uh that's what's important

2106
01:14:40,149 --> 01:14:38,000
these companies are in in this to make

2107
01:14:41,510 --> 01:14:40,159
make money and to make a profit and

2108
01:14:43,510 --> 01:14:41,520
that's where this all has to come

2109
01:14:46,790 --> 01:14:43,520
together so there's really just a whole

2110
01:14:48,870 --> 01:14:46,800
laundry list of things that i think um

2111
01:14:51,350 --> 01:14:48,880
that people have proposed and companies

2112
01:14:53,270 --> 01:14:51,360
are working on uh i would use up all my

2113
01:14:55,350 --> 01:14:53,280
time if i started listing those but i

2114
01:14:56,470 --> 01:14:55,360
gave you just a few we already go take

2115
01:14:57,990 --> 01:14:56,480
one more question field center we'll

2116
01:15:00,070 --> 01:14:58,000
come back here to the room we have a

2117
01:15:06,550 --> 01:15:00,080
question from langley research center in

2118
01:15:06,560 --> 01:15:19,750
hi kind of continuing on uh

2119
01:15:24,630 --> 01:15:22,470
technical problems

2120
01:15:27,990 --> 01:15:24,640
sorry uh but what do you think can be

2121
01:15:30,470 --> 01:15:28,000
done uh perhaps either with orion or to

2122
01:15:32,630 --> 01:15:30,480
encourage the private sector to want to

2123
01:15:35,110 --> 01:15:32,640
pursue that um

2124
01:15:36,950 --> 01:15:35,120
commercialization of the space industry

2125
01:15:38,630 --> 01:15:36,960
a little more because i mean in my

2126
01:15:39,910 --> 01:15:38,640
opinion and i'm sure many others that

2127
01:15:41,590 --> 01:15:39,920
you work with

2128
01:15:45,189 --> 01:15:41,600
that could be a dramatic impact on the

2129
01:15:47,030 --> 01:15:45,199
american economy if it really grew

2130
01:15:49,189 --> 01:15:47,040
to be bigger than what it is right now

2131
01:15:51,910 --> 01:15:49,199
so what are ways that we could encourage

2132
01:15:53,350 --> 01:15:51,920
more companies to invest

2133
01:15:55,030 --> 01:15:53,360
in those things or the ones that already

2134
01:15:56,310 --> 01:15:55,040
are to invest more

2135
01:15:57,910 --> 01:15:56,320
yeah i think one of the biggest things

2136
01:16:00,470 --> 01:15:57,920
that we're doing is reducing the risk

2137
01:16:02,229 --> 01:16:00,480
for these companies so by doing things

2138
01:16:06,630 --> 01:16:02,239
like orion and our deep space

2139
01:16:08,390 --> 01:16:06,640
exploration we get better smarter about

2140
01:16:10,229 --> 01:16:08,400
how to do this in a safe and reliable

2141
01:16:12,550 --> 01:16:10,239
manner so i think that's a good role for

2142
01:16:14,390 --> 01:16:12,560
the for the us government is to reduce

2143
01:16:16,790 --> 01:16:14,400
the risk associated with these really

2144
01:16:17,750 --> 01:16:16,800
difficult difficult endeavors and that

2145
01:16:19,669 --> 01:16:17,760
way

2146
01:16:20,630 --> 01:16:19,679
a private company can come in with a

2147
01:16:22,870 --> 01:16:20,640
more

2148
01:16:25,430 --> 01:16:22,880
definitive business plan where the risks

2149
01:16:28,310 --> 01:16:25,440
are smaller where investors can see a

2150
01:16:30,149 --> 01:16:28,320
true profit potential here and i think

2151
01:16:32,070 --> 01:16:30,159
that is an appropriate role for nasa and

2152
01:16:33,750 --> 01:16:32,080
something that we are definitely

2153
01:16:35,189 --> 01:16:33,760
pursuing and

2154
01:16:37,270 --> 01:16:35,199
if you look back in history that's a

2155
01:16:39,270 --> 01:16:37,280
very uh common

2156
01:16:40,709 --> 01:16:39,280
transition where the government has

2157
01:16:42,310 --> 01:16:40,719
pushed the state of the art for like

2158
01:16:44,390 --> 01:16:42,320
railroads and aviation and then the

2159
01:16:45,750 --> 01:16:44,400
private sector comes behind when those

2160
01:16:47,510 --> 01:16:45,760
activities become a little bit more

2161
01:16:49,430 --> 01:16:47,520
routine a little bit less risky and you

2162
01:16:51,189 --> 01:16:49,440
can see a profit potential so i see that

2163
01:16:53,830 --> 01:16:51,199
as definitely one of the ways and also

2164
01:16:55,590 --> 01:16:53,840
reducing regulation reducing bureaucracy

2165
01:16:57,030 --> 01:16:55,600
uh review reducing the overhead

2166
01:16:59,430 --> 01:16:57,040
associated with doing that that's

2167
01:17:01,030 --> 01:16:59,440
another thing that we're working on

2168
01:17:03,990 --> 01:17:01,040
we only have time for one more question

2169
01:17:06,950 --> 01:17:04,000
we're taking in here in the room it's uh

2170
01:17:09,350 --> 01:17:06,960
the corn over there uh quick question uh

2171
01:17:13,030 --> 01:17:09,360
which do we see carrying astronauts next

2172
01:17:17,030 --> 01:17:13,040
for american space program spacex boeing

2173
01:17:19,510 --> 01:17:17,040
is it gonna be orion which is to be

2174
01:17:21,750 --> 01:17:19,520
well uh currently like i said uh we're

2175
01:17:24,229 --> 01:17:21,760
targeting commercial crew for 2017 both

2176
01:17:26,149 --> 01:17:24,239
companies we just let some contracts for

2177
01:17:27,510 --> 01:17:26,159
the final development effort to both

2178
01:17:29,590 --> 01:17:27,520
spacex and boeing that's what he's

2179
01:17:32,149 --> 01:17:29,600
referring to and they are both targeting

2180
01:17:34,470 --> 01:17:32,159
2017 to have their systems ready so let

2181
01:17:37,430 --> 01:17:34,480
the race begin we'll see uh we are not

2182
01:17:39,030 --> 01:17:37,440
going to sacrifice safety for schedule

2183
01:17:41,430 --> 01:17:39,040
obviously we really really want these

2184
01:17:43,110 --> 01:17:41,440
systems to come online soon but we are

2185
01:17:44,950 --> 01:17:43,120
going to maintain our safety posture to

2186
01:17:46,630 --> 01:17:44,960
make sure that our astronauts are safe i

2187
01:17:47,990 --> 01:17:46,640
think the first flight of orion is now

2188
01:17:52,070 --> 01:17:48,000
scheduled for

2189
01:17:53,590 --> 01:17:52,080
with with people sometime after 2017 but

2190
01:17:54,870 --> 01:17:53,600
again we don't see that as a competition

2191
01:17:56,390 --> 01:17:54,880
these are two very very different

2192
01:17:58,149 --> 01:17:56,400
missions whichever one goes first that's

2193
01:18:01,110 --> 01:17:58,159
great and i'll be happy and hopefully

2194
01:18:02,229 --> 01:18:01,120
down here at kennedy to see the launch

2195
01:18:08,870 --> 01:18:02,239
thanks bill appreciate you coming out

2196
01:18:12,310 --> 01:18:10,470
you know we do a lot of talking about

2197
01:18:13,430 --> 01:18:12,320
the spacecraft and with orion and

2198
01:18:15,669 --> 01:18:13,440
today's launch and tests and the

2199
01:18:17,030 --> 01:18:15,679
parachutes and the re-entry but one of

2200
01:18:19,590 --> 01:18:17,040
the reasons we're really flying orion is

2201
01:18:47,669 --> 01:18:19,600
to send humans into space exploration so

2202
01:18:47,679 --> 01:19:01,350
so

2203
01:19:04,630 --> 01:19:02,950
thanks everybody and and thanks for

2204
01:19:06,229 --> 01:19:04,640
being here and it's such a pleasure to

2205
01:19:08,229 --> 01:19:06,239
uh to be here and to share this with you

2206
01:19:09,590 --> 01:19:08,239
it's an exciting time here and you can

2207
01:19:11,590 --> 01:19:09,600
feel the excitement there you really can

2208
01:19:13,110 --> 01:19:11,600
i haven't felt this excitement at ksc

2209
01:19:15,590 --> 01:19:13,120
for for quite a while so i'm glad you're

2210
01:19:18,070 --> 01:19:15,600
here to uh to share in it and also to uh

2211
01:19:19,270 --> 01:19:18,080
to help tell everybody else about it too

2212
01:19:21,189 --> 01:19:19,280
now uh

2213
01:19:23,669 --> 01:19:21,199
about uh four and four years ago when i

2214
01:19:25,270 --> 01:19:23,679
was training for sts-135 that was the

2215
01:19:26,870 --> 01:19:25,280
final space shuttle mission

2216
01:19:28,950 --> 01:19:26,880
i often got the question

2217
01:19:30,070 --> 01:19:28,960
was it a mistake to retire the space

2218
01:19:32,630 --> 01:19:30,080
shuttle

2219
01:19:34,229 --> 01:19:32,640
and i would reply well it depends

2220
01:19:35,669 --> 01:19:34,239
if we do what we say we're going to do

2221
01:19:38,070 --> 01:19:35,679
and we take the money that we were

2222
01:19:39,750 --> 01:19:38,080
spending on shuttle operations

2223
01:19:40,950 --> 01:19:39,760
and take that and buy these new vehicles

2224
01:19:43,189 --> 01:19:40,960
and build these new vehicles they can go

2225
01:19:44,870 --> 01:19:43,199
farther than we've ever gone as humans

2226
01:19:46,630 --> 01:19:44,880
ever in the history of the earth then

2227
01:19:48,630 --> 01:19:46,640
it's not a mistake

2228
01:19:49,910 --> 01:19:48,640
well this eft-1 mission now four years

2229
01:19:51,830 --> 01:19:49,920
from that time of the last shuttle

2230
01:19:53,590 --> 01:19:51,840
mission or three and a half years

2231
01:19:55,189 --> 01:19:53,600
it's a big step

2232
01:19:56,310 --> 01:19:55,199
toward fulfilling a promise we made to

2233
01:19:57,590 --> 01:19:56,320
the american people that we're going to

2234
01:19:59,189 --> 01:19:57,600
take that money and we're going to build

2235
01:20:01,270 --> 01:19:59,199
some incredible vehicles that can do

2236
01:20:02,790 --> 01:20:01,280
amazing things and you guys are all here

2237
01:20:04,709 --> 01:20:02,800
to witness it

2238
01:20:07,189 --> 01:20:04,719
now in the aviation business

2239
01:20:08,229 --> 01:20:07,199
we refer to our our aircraft by their

2240
01:20:10,310 --> 01:20:08,239
tail numbers you guys have probably

2241
01:20:13,669 --> 01:20:10,320
heard that before and so in that vein

2242
01:20:16,310 --> 01:20:13,679
this makes it uh eft one orion tail

2243
01:20:18,790 --> 01:20:16,320
number zero zero one

2244
01:20:20,229 --> 01:20:18,800
and uh so now is it as a as a four-hour

2245
01:20:21,510 --> 01:20:20,239
flight you know and with no crew on

2246
01:20:22,709 --> 01:20:21,520
board you might think well that's not so

2247
01:20:23,750 --> 01:20:22,719
impressive

2248
01:20:25,110 --> 01:20:23,760
but what i think you need to do is you

2249
01:20:27,270 --> 01:20:25,120
need to take a little little bigger

2250
01:20:28,709 --> 01:20:27,280
picture and look what this amazing

2251
01:20:30,310 --> 01:20:28,719
credit vehicle is going to do not just

2252
01:20:31,830 --> 01:20:30,320
this one but the fleet of vehicles

2253
01:20:33,990 --> 01:20:31,840
because it really is an orion fleet it's

2254
01:20:35,910 --> 01:20:34,000
not just one orion and a different orion

2255
01:20:37,750 --> 01:20:35,920
and and so on

2256
01:20:39,270 --> 01:20:37,760
this is a vehicle that can go basically

2257
01:20:40,310 --> 01:20:39,280
anywhere it's it's not destination

2258
01:20:41,350 --> 01:20:40,320
specific as you heard everybody else

2259
01:20:43,189 --> 01:20:41,360
talk about which is really the

2260
01:20:45,510 --> 01:20:43,199
flexibility of this vehicle

2261
01:20:47,430 --> 01:20:45,520
and so it's uh it's really got in some

2262
01:20:49,110 --> 01:20:47,440
incredible capabilities now

2263
01:20:50,709 --> 01:20:49,120
you've also heard that it's not easy to

2264
01:20:51,990 --> 01:20:50,719
do this you know we have all the

2265
01:20:53,350 --> 01:20:52,000
technical challenges they've had in the

2266
01:20:54,550 --> 01:20:53,360
past programs uh you know with the

2267
01:20:55,750 --> 01:20:54,560
apollo program there's all sorts of

2268
01:20:57,669 --> 01:20:55,760
technical challenges we have to get

2269
01:20:59,270 --> 01:20:57,679
through but to be honest one of our big

2270
01:21:01,350 --> 01:20:59,280
challenges is that we do this in a very

2271
01:21:02,790 --> 01:21:01,360
constrained budget environment

2272
01:21:04,630 --> 01:21:02,800
that's not necessarily what we'd want

2273
01:21:06,229 --> 01:21:04,640
but that's the way things are and that's

2274
01:21:07,510 --> 01:21:06,239
okay we can deal with that it just takes

2275
01:21:09,350 --> 01:21:07,520
longer

2276
01:21:11,189 --> 01:21:09,360
to do these things and it's also harder

2277
01:21:12,870 --> 01:21:11,199
one of the problems is that we can't do

2278
01:21:14,550 --> 01:21:12,880
everything we want to do

2279
01:21:16,149 --> 01:21:14,560
sometimes with the earlier programs you

2280
01:21:17,270 --> 01:21:16,159
could try a few different things and if

2281
01:21:19,430 --> 01:21:17,280
they didn't work you figure out which

2282
01:21:20,229 --> 01:21:19,440
one works best and you pick that one

2283
01:21:21,590 --> 01:21:20,239
and then

2284
01:21:22,630 --> 01:21:21,600
but with this one with orion we pretty

2285
01:21:24,070 --> 01:21:22,640
much have to do everything right the

2286
01:21:27,030 --> 01:21:24,080
first time because we just don't have

2287
01:21:28,390 --> 01:21:27,040
time to uh to do it over again

2288
01:21:29,910 --> 01:21:28,400
so uh

2289
01:21:31,189 --> 01:21:29,920
one of the things that uh some of the

2290
01:21:33,430 --> 01:21:31,199
folks in the apollo program would tell

2291
01:21:35,030 --> 01:21:33,440
me is that they wish they had done a had

2292
01:21:36,390 --> 01:21:35,040
chance to take a step back once a while

2293
01:21:38,149 --> 01:21:36,400
and appreciate what they were doing you

2294
01:21:39,350 --> 01:21:38,159
know they were working so hard and when

2295
01:21:40,790 --> 01:21:39,360
sending people to the moon they didn't

2296
01:21:42,790 --> 01:21:40,800
step back and say wow look at look at

2297
01:21:44,390 --> 01:21:42,800
what we're doing and so i think that's

2298
01:21:47,110 --> 01:21:44,400
important for us to do

2299
01:21:48,630 --> 01:21:47,120
and uh because it's a uh we just don't

2300
01:21:50,630 --> 01:21:48,640
really have the chance to to really

2301
01:21:51,669 --> 01:21:50,640
enjoy the milestone sometimes so i i

2302
01:21:52,950 --> 01:21:51,679
kind of want to take a look at that

2303
01:21:55,350 --> 01:21:52,960
amidst the hard work that everybody's

2304
01:21:56,950 --> 01:21:55,360
doing to see what's ahead because now as

2305
01:21:58,629 --> 01:21:56,960
amazing and impressive as this first

2306
01:22:00,310 --> 01:21:58,639
launch as eft one

2307
01:22:02,149 --> 01:22:00,320
you know there's a just it only gets

2308
01:22:04,790 --> 01:22:02,159
better from here and just down the road

2309
01:22:06,070 --> 01:22:04,800
is orion tail number zero zero two now

2310
01:22:08,070 --> 01:22:06,080
you've probably heard of that as

2311
01:22:10,070 --> 01:22:08,080
expiration mission one

2312
01:22:11,510 --> 01:22:10,080
this is the second mission of orion and

2313
01:22:13,910 --> 01:22:11,520
it's going to go farther than ever any

2314
01:22:16,310 --> 01:22:13,920
human rated spacecraft has ever gone on

2315
01:22:19,430 --> 01:22:16,320
its second flight so it's going to be a

2316
01:22:21,110 --> 01:22:19,440
big challenge and uh it it's it takes a

2317
01:22:23,350 --> 01:22:21,120
while to get there but it's amazing how

2318
01:22:25,590 --> 01:22:23,360
what we're doing with each step

2319
01:22:27,110 --> 01:22:25,600
now then comes orion tail number zero

2320
01:22:30,870 --> 01:22:27,120
zero three

2321
01:22:32,229 --> 01:22:30,880
a special place in my heart because four

2322
01:22:33,990 --> 01:22:32,239
of my colleagues from the astronauts are

2323
01:22:35,910 --> 01:22:34,000
gonna be climbing on board that and go

2324
01:22:37,270 --> 01:22:35,920
on an adventure of a lifetime so it's

2325
01:22:38,629 --> 01:22:37,280
gonna be uh it's gonna be absolutely

2326
01:22:40,709 --> 01:22:38,639
amazing

2327
01:22:42,149 --> 01:22:40,719
now farther down the road there's also

2328
01:22:43,430 --> 01:22:42,159
going to be another orion on top of the

2329
01:22:44,790 --> 01:22:43,440
launch pad

2330
01:22:46,950 --> 01:22:44,800
now i don't know what the tail number of

2331
01:22:49,189 --> 01:22:46,960
this orion is but they're on board on

2332
01:22:50,790 --> 01:22:49,199
top of the space launch system we'll be

2333
01:22:52,149 --> 01:22:50,800
in over the familiar shape of the orion

2334
01:22:54,470 --> 01:22:52,159
spacecraft and on board will be people

2335
01:22:55,430 --> 01:22:54,480
going to mars for the very first time

2336
01:22:56,790 --> 01:22:55,440
it's an absolutely amazing

2337
01:22:58,629 --> 01:22:56,800
accomplishment that uh that's going to

2338
01:22:59,830 --> 01:22:58,639
happen one of those you know points in

2339
01:23:02,149 --> 01:22:59,840
history do you remember where they were

2340
01:23:04,149 --> 01:23:02,159
when when people went to mars

2341
01:23:05,510 --> 01:23:04,159
and it all traces back to what's

2342
01:23:06,950 --> 01:23:05,520
happening tomorrow with the launch of

2343
01:23:08,229 --> 01:23:06,960
eft-1

2344
01:23:09,590 --> 01:23:08,239
this is the first flight of a new

2345
01:23:11,189 --> 01:23:09,600
vehicle and the first flight of vehicle

2346
01:23:13,350 --> 01:23:11,199
is always a big deal and that's what is

2347
01:23:14,870 --> 01:23:13,360
so important about it

2348
01:23:16,070 --> 01:23:14,880
now

2349
01:23:17,350 --> 01:23:16,080
it's going to be a long time it's going

2350
01:23:18,709 --> 01:23:17,360
to be a long journey there's no question

2351
01:23:19,830 --> 01:23:18,719
there's going to be things that things

2352
01:23:21,110 --> 01:23:19,840
that don't always go right and we're

2353
01:23:23,030 --> 01:23:21,120
gonna learn from them and we're gonna

2354
01:23:24,950 --> 01:23:23,040
and we're going to uh recover and

2355
01:23:26,390 --> 01:23:24,960
continue on but it's gonna be a fun one

2356
01:23:27,830 --> 01:23:26,400
i'm glad to be part of it it's an

2357
01:23:29,430 --> 01:23:27,840
amazing team everybody has to do their

2358
01:23:31,110 --> 01:23:29,440
jobs everybody from the from the

2359
01:23:32,790 --> 01:23:31,120
engineers to the managers to the folks

2360
01:23:34,950 --> 01:23:32,800
in washington we've all got a job to do

2361
01:23:36,870 --> 01:23:34,960
and it's a long hard job but we're up to

2362
01:23:38,470 --> 01:23:36,880
it to see to have a chance to

2363
01:23:40,229 --> 01:23:38,480
have a chance to get on that path to

2364
01:23:41,590 --> 01:23:40,239
send folks to mars

2365
01:23:43,990 --> 01:23:41,600
now as you know when that crew is on the

2366
01:23:46,149 --> 01:23:44,000
board that or that orion tail number x

2367
01:23:48,470 --> 01:23:46,159
that's going to mars

2368
01:23:50,229 --> 01:23:48,480
it's going to be incredibly historic day

2369
01:23:52,550 --> 01:23:50,239
but then when when that happens amidst

2370
01:23:54,390 --> 01:23:52,560
all the celebration stuff i think a few

2371
01:23:57,430 --> 01:23:54,400
of us will take a look back all the way

2372
01:23:59,830 --> 01:23:57,440
back to a december day in florida when

2373
01:24:01,990 --> 01:23:59,840
we set off the very first orion tail

2374
01:24:03,189 --> 01:24:02,000
number 001 on his maiden journey and

2375
01:24:04,709 --> 01:24:03,199
that's happening tomorrow and that's why

2376
01:24:07,189 --> 01:24:04,719
it's so important to me

2377
01:24:08,550 --> 01:24:07,199
so i'm uh that's all i had to say for uh

2378
01:24:09,750 --> 01:24:08,560
kind of prepared march but i want to

2379
01:24:10,870 --> 01:24:09,760
open up for some questions if you guys

2380
01:24:12,229 --> 01:24:10,880
had any

2381
01:24:13,669 --> 01:24:12,239
thanks rex we'll take a couple questions

2382
01:24:19,990 --> 01:24:13,679
here in the room and then if we have

2383
01:24:24,470 --> 01:24:22,070
so obviously the pilots that are going

2384
01:24:28,229 --> 01:24:24,480
to be on these future orion missions may

2385
01:24:31,110 --> 01:24:28,239
not even be born yet yes so how are you

2386
01:24:33,030 --> 01:24:31,120
and nasa planning to start to

2387
01:24:34,390 --> 01:24:33,040
provide an excitement for the younger

2388
01:24:36,070 --> 01:24:34,400
generation that's going to be piloting

2389
01:24:37,669 --> 01:24:36,080
these future generations you know i

2390
01:24:39,750 --> 01:24:37,679
think that the biggest thing you can do

2391
01:24:41,110 --> 01:24:39,760
to excite the next generation is to show

2392
01:24:42,310 --> 01:24:41,120
them you know there's a lot of people

2393
01:24:43,669 --> 01:24:42,320
talk about they don't know about what

2394
01:24:44,870 --> 01:24:43,679
the space program is doing but when you

2395
01:24:46,550 --> 01:24:44,880
show them

2396
01:24:48,310 --> 01:24:46,560
they understand you know when i go to

2397
01:24:49,750 --> 01:24:48,320
schools and i and i talk to kids i show

2398
01:24:51,990 --> 01:24:49,760
them my pictures and they understand

2399
01:24:53,510 --> 01:24:52,000
that but the best way is what's going to

2400
01:24:55,030 --> 01:24:53,520
happen tomorrow when you guys see a

2401
01:24:56,229 --> 01:24:55,040
rocket launch you know those you've seen

2402
01:24:58,229 --> 01:24:56,239
it one before that you know what it's

2403
01:25:00,629 --> 01:24:58,239
like you don't just see a rocket launch

2404
01:25:02,629 --> 01:25:00,639
you experience it and tomorrow just take

2405
01:25:04,870 --> 01:25:02,639
it all in i mean feel the vibrations

2406
01:25:06,709 --> 01:25:04,880
from that rocket it's absolutely amazing

2407
01:25:08,870 --> 01:25:06,719
and when people see that it

2408
01:25:10,709 --> 01:25:08,880
the general reaction is pride in their

2409
01:25:12,310 --> 01:25:10,719
country when i see a rocket launch from

2410
01:25:14,390 --> 01:25:12,320
here it's just i have this incredible

2411
01:25:15,830 --> 01:25:14,400
sense of pride that i live in a country

2412
01:25:17,590 --> 01:25:15,840
where we have the capability of

2413
01:25:19,350 --> 01:25:17,600
rocketing people just slinging them off

2414
01:25:21,030 --> 01:25:19,360
the planet all the way into low earth

2415
01:25:23,189 --> 01:25:21,040
orbit and now we're working towards

2416
01:25:25,189 --> 01:25:23,199
slinging them off into deep space

2417
01:25:27,110 --> 01:25:25,199
so if you get them to see the program to

2418
01:25:28,390 --> 01:25:27,120
feel it i think they get excited about

2419
01:25:30,470 --> 01:25:28,400
it and the more we do the more they're

2420
01:25:31,750 --> 01:25:30,480
gonna get excited so ift ones tomorrow

2421
01:25:33,750 --> 01:25:31,760
it's gonna be it's gonna be really neat

2422
01:25:35,669 --> 01:25:33,760
to see it on top of a delta iv heavy

2423
01:25:37,110 --> 01:25:35,679
like i say orion tail number zero zero

2424
01:25:38,870 --> 01:25:37,120
two what's unique about that is the ride

2425
01:25:41,110 --> 01:25:38,880
is taken to orbit the space launch

2426
01:25:42,870 --> 01:25:41,120
system an incredible mighty rocket and

2427
01:25:44,629 --> 01:25:42,880
that thing is going to expire people

2428
01:25:46,550 --> 01:25:44,639
even before it flies you look at that

2429
01:25:48,310 --> 01:25:46,560
vab out there and you just imagine the

2430
01:25:50,229 --> 01:25:48,320
sls rolling out of there it is going to

2431
01:25:53,270 --> 01:25:50,239
take your breath away and then when it

2432
01:25:54,390 --> 01:25:53,280
flies when it flies america and the rest

2433
01:25:55,750 --> 01:25:54,400
of the world they're going to sit up and

2434
01:25:57,510 --> 01:25:55,760
take notice and there's going to be no

2435
01:25:59,110 --> 01:25:57,520
doubt about the vitality of the american

2436
01:26:00,390 --> 01:25:59,120
space program it is going to get

2437
01:26:02,550 --> 01:26:00,400
people's notice and it's going to be

2438
01:26:04,629 --> 01:26:02,560
exciting so i don't see any problem the

2439
01:26:06,310 --> 01:26:04,639
pro the hard part is just moving on and

2440
01:26:07,590 --> 01:26:06,320
getting piece by piece and getting there

2441
01:26:10,470 --> 01:26:07,600
but it's going it's going to get more

2442
01:26:13,030 --> 01:26:10,480
and more exciting right from here

2443
01:26:14,870 --> 01:26:13,040
yes hi a question along the same thread

2444
01:26:16,790 --> 01:26:14,880
sure obviously being an astronaut is a

2445
01:26:17,990 --> 01:26:16,800
dream for a lot of people what advice

2446
01:26:19,110 --> 01:26:18,000
would you give the kids and the young

2447
01:26:21,030 --> 01:26:19,120
adults who would like to be in your

2448
01:26:22,390 --> 01:26:21,040
position one day

2449
01:26:23,669 --> 01:26:22,400
there's a couple of things the first

2450
01:26:25,590 --> 01:26:23,679
obviously is to work hard in school and

2451
01:26:26,550 --> 01:26:25,600
people go well what what what should i

2452
01:26:27,510 --> 01:26:26,560
study

2453
01:26:28,790 --> 01:26:27,520
well you know the scientific and

2454
01:26:30,470 --> 01:26:28,800
technical fields of the where the

2455
01:26:32,390 --> 01:26:30,480
majority of the astronauts come from so

2456
01:26:34,470 --> 01:26:32,400
science medicine technology that kind of

2457
01:26:35,910 --> 01:26:34,480
thing is is important and then getting a

2458
01:26:37,270 --> 01:26:35,920
getting a hook into the space program

2459
01:26:38,550 --> 01:26:37,280
too you know working at one of this one

2460
01:26:40,470 --> 01:26:38,560
of the field centers working from the

2461
01:26:41,830 --> 01:26:40,480
contractors that type of thing then

2462
01:26:43,430 --> 01:26:41,840
being persistent it takes a lot of

2463
01:26:44,709 --> 01:26:43,440
persistence and you know the neat part

2464
01:26:46,070 --> 01:26:44,719
about it is if you try to be an

2465
01:26:47,270 --> 01:26:46,080
astronaut and you and you work in the

2466
01:26:48,870 --> 01:26:47,280
space industry for a while and you don't

2467
01:26:51,030 --> 01:26:48,880
get to become one you're still in the

2468
01:26:52,629 --> 01:26:51,040
space industry i remember when i was i

2469
01:26:54,390 --> 01:26:52,639
was a flight controller once and so back

2470
01:26:55,590 --> 01:26:54,400
in this is a long time ago before well

2471
01:26:56,870 --> 01:26:55,600
before i was an astronaut i was a flight

2472
01:26:58,950 --> 01:26:56,880
controller

2473
01:27:00,470 --> 01:26:58,960
the you know sts-26 out shortly after

2474
01:27:01,830 --> 01:27:00,480
the challenger mission

2475
01:27:03,910 --> 01:27:01,840
and i came down here as an engineer i

2476
01:27:05,830 --> 01:27:03,920
was working as part of the uh as part of

2477
01:27:07,990 --> 01:27:05,840
nasa kind of a back room for the control

2478
01:27:09,270 --> 01:27:08,000
center so a very small part of it but i

2479
01:27:11,189 --> 01:27:09,280
remember coming i had one trip at the

2480
01:27:13,030 --> 01:27:11,199
kennedy space center before the sts-26

2481
01:27:14,470 --> 01:27:13,040
launch and i remember standing right out

2482
01:27:17,189 --> 01:27:14,480
in that field out there and looking out

2483
01:27:19,350 --> 01:27:17,199
in the distance and i saw and i saw the

2484
01:27:21,189 --> 01:27:19,360
the vehicle it was uh was it was in the

2485
01:27:22,470 --> 01:27:21,199
last clown it was uh

2486
01:27:23,910 --> 01:27:22,480
um

2487
01:27:25,110 --> 01:27:23,920
discovery discovery was on the launch

2488
01:27:26,550 --> 01:27:25,120
pad but far in the distance i just

2489
01:27:27,910 --> 01:27:26,560
looked at discovery and i remember

2490
01:27:29,510 --> 01:27:27,920
thinking to myself

2491
01:27:30,870 --> 01:27:29,520
i can't believe i'm a part of this i

2492
01:27:32,470 --> 01:27:30,880
mean i had a tiny part i was working

2493
01:27:34,149 --> 01:27:32,480
landing gear and brakes but it was so

2494
01:27:35,750 --> 01:27:34,159
incredible for me to be a part of this

2495
01:27:37,350 --> 01:27:35,760
and i feel the same way i look at orion

2496
01:27:39,030 --> 01:27:37,360
you know i honestly i'm not going to get

2497
01:27:40,149 --> 01:27:39,040
a chance to fly on orion it's just it's

2498
01:27:41,990 --> 01:27:40,159
a little bit farther out than i've

2499
01:27:43,430 --> 01:27:42,000
already flown three times but i look at

2500
01:27:45,189 --> 01:27:43,440
that orion on top of the rock and i

2501
01:27:47,750 --> 01:27:45,199
think man i am so proud to be part of

2502
01:27:49,030 --> 01:27:47,760
this it's just such a neat feeling

2503
01:27:52,629 --> 01:27:49,040
we have a lot of questions we'll try to

2504
01:27:58,390 --> 01:27:52,639
get to them all we have next one is at

2505
01:28:02,629 --> 01:28:01,030
hi rex um i'm curious

2506
01:28:04,310 --> 01:28:02,639
my name is mark simpson from visiting

2507
01:28:06,950 --> 01:28:04,320
from chattanooga tennessee

2508
01:28:09,110 --> 01:28:06,960
i'm curious uh if you're aware or have

2509
01:28:10,709 --> 01:28:09,120
been made aware of the quality of life

2510
01:28:12,390 --> 01:28:10,719
uh the astronauts will be experiencing

2511
01:28:13,990 --> 01:28:12,400
in a long distance voyage like going to

2512
01:28:17,030 --> 01:28:14,000
mars

2513
01:28:18,790 --> 01:28:17,040
i've heard some talk about a a

2514
01:28:21,270 --> 01:28:18,800
habitat module

2515
01:28:22,790 --> 01:28:21,280
will the extended module just carry fuel

2516
01:28:23,910 --> 01:28:22,800
or will it be something that the

2517
01:28:26,870 --> 01:28:23,920
astronauts will be able to go in and

2518
01:28:29,590 --> 01:28:26,880
relax in seems kind of odd to me to

2519
01:28:31,910 --> 01:28:29,600
expect four astronauts i mean i know the

2520
01:28:33,590 --> 01:28:31,920
i know it's a roomier capsule but it

2521
01:28:35,350 --> 01:28:33,600
seems kind of odd to me that four guys

2522
01:28:37,110 --> 01:28:35,360
got to stay in a small area for that

2523
01:28:39,110 --> 01:28:37,120
extended period of time going to mars so

2524
01:28:41,750 --> 01:28:39,120
i'm wondering as an astronaut have they

2525
01:28:43,030 --> 01:28:41,760
clued you in on some of the more life

2526
01:28:44,950 --> 01:28:43,040
comfort

2527
01:28:46,310 --> 01:28:44,960
parts of the journey for long distance

2528
01:28:47,510 --> 01:28:46,320
like mars so for the longest the

2529
01:28:48,470 --> 01:28:47,520
habitation module hasn't been designed

2530
01:28:50,070 --> 01:28:48,480
yet but you're absolutely right you

2531
01:28:51,669 --> 01:28:50,080
can't stay in the orion capsule for

2532
01:28:53,270 --> 01:28:51,679
three years i mean a mars mission could

2533
01:28:54,470 --> 01:28:53,280
take three years potentially so you have

2534
01:28:55,830 --> 01:28:54,480
to have a habitation module it's going

2535
01:28:57,430 --> 01:28:55,840
to have some of the comforts of home to

2536
01:28:59,750 --> 01:28:57,440
a certain extent and it's going to be a

2537
01:29:01,830 --> 01:28:59,760
tough journey it is going to one one

2538
01:29:03,110 --> 01:29:01,840
person reckon it to liken it to me like

2539
01:29:04,790 --> 01:29:03,120
when you go to mars you know it's all

2540
01:29:06,950 --> 01:29:04,800
exciting and stuff and and you know i

2541
01:29:07,910 --> 01:29:06,960
love being in space and flying

2542
01:29:10,149 --> 01:29:07,920
but it's gonna be different going to

2543
01:29:12,149 --> 01:29:10,159
mars ever you know several days maybe a

2544
01:29:14,149 --> 01:29:12,159
couple weeks outside after your launch

2545
01:29:15,510 --> 01:29:14,159
you're going to be coasting to mars

2546
01:29:16,629 --> 01:29:15,520
and all you're not going to have the

2547
01:29:17,910 --> 01:29:16,639
beautiful earth to look back on it's

2548
01:29:19,110 --> 01:29:17,920
going to recede into becoming just

2549
01:29:20,149 --> 01:29:19,120
another star

2550
01:29:22,070 --> 01:29:20,159
and all you're going to have around you

2551
01:29:23,510 --> 01:29:22,080
is stars and what some people say and i

2552
01:29:25,110 --> 01:29:23,520
agree is it going to redefine the

2553
01:29:26,709 --> 01:29:25,120
meaning of the word loneliness it's

2554
01:29:28,629 --> 01:29:26,719
going to be tough and not everybody can

2555
01:29:30,149 --> 01:29:28,639
do it but we have explorers the same

2556
01:29:31,750 --> 01:29:30,159
people who cross the oceans way back

2557
01:29:33,350 --> 01:29:31,760
when they have the same kind of grit and

2558
01:29:35,189 --> 01:29:33,360
determination that they can

2559
01:29:37,110 --> 01:29:35,199
that they can can do that kind of thing

2560
01:29:38,550 --> 01:29:37,120
go on an extremely long dangerous voyage

2561
01:29:39,750 --> 01:29:38,560
like that

2562
01:29:40,870 --> 01:29:39,760
we'll take one more for the field

2563
01:29:46,070 --> 01:29:40,880
centers we're going to goddard space

2564
01:29:49,990 --> 01:29:48,390
yeah hi i'm mike from uh calling in from

2565
01:29:50,830 --> 01:29:50,000
goddard

2566
01:29:53,270 --> 01:29:50,840
uh

2567
01:29:55,590 --> 01:29:53,280
yay um

2568
01:29:58,229 --> 01:29:55,600
in the early days of the space program

2569
01:29:59,830 --> 01:29:58,239
you know mercury gemini apollo and the

2570
01:30:02,310 --> 01:29:59,840
shuttle uh

2571
01:30:04,870 --> 01:30:02,320
it was well known that the engineers

2572
01:30:07,750 --> 01:30:04,880
took a lot of input from astronauts on

2573
01:30:09,510 --> 01:30:07,760
uh what the astronauts wanted and were

2574
01:30:11,350 --> 01:30:09,520
looking for as far as

2575
01:30:13,590 --> 01:30:11,360
the design of the space capsule so

2576
01:30:15,110 --> 01:30:13,600
wondering how much input the astronauts

2577
01:30:16,629 --> 01:30:15,120
had in orion

2578
01:30:17,990 --> 01:30:16,639
a lot and actually i am the astronaut

2579
01:30:20,070 --> 01:30:18,000
representative to the orion program so i

2580
01:30:21,430 --> 01:30:20,080
work on mark guyer's staff and i give

2581
01:30:22,709 --> 01:30:21,440
them our input of what we think is

2582
01:30:25,189 --> 01:30:22,719
important and what we think we need for

2583
01:30:26,950 --> 01:30:25,199
this vehicle and so it's a it's a it's a

2584
01:30:28,790 --> 01:30:26,960
hard program like i say it's constrained

2585
01:30:30,310 --> 01:30:28,800
by by money it's constrained by weight

2586
01:30:31,669 --> 01:30:30,320
and it's a difficult engineering problem

2587
01:30:33,189 --> 01:30:31,679
and so we're cognizant of the fact so

2588
01:30:35,189 --> 01:30:33,199
when we when we talk about what we think

2589
01:30:36,950 --> 01:30:35,199
we need we really have to ask do we

2590
01:30:39,030 --> 01:30:36,960
really need this is this essential and

2591
01:30:41,030 --> 01:30:39,040
if it's not essential it gets pushed off

2592
01:30:43,030 --> 01:30:41,040
potentially so it's not an easy process

2593
01:30:44,470 --> 01:30:43,040
but we're we are uh we're a part of it

2594
01:30:48,149 --> 01:30:44,480
and it's uh and it's an interesting

2595
01:30:50,229 --> 01:30:48,159
process to be part of

2596
01:30:51,990 --> 01:30:50,239
another question yes

2597
01:30:53,430 --> 01:30:52,000
first i got to say i saw you launch on

2598
01:30:55,669 --> 01:30:53,440
135.

2599
01:30:57,669 --> 01:30:55,679
really nice honor to be here with you

2600
01:30:59,430 --> 01:30:57,679
seeing you i'm glad you were there to

2601
01:31:00,390 --> 01:30:59,440
cheer us on yep you must have been a

2602
01:31:01,910 --> 01:31:00,400
lucky charm it's the first time i

2603
01:31:03,189 --> 01:31:01,920
launched on time so i assume tomorrow

2604
01:31:04,070 --> 01:31:03,199
we're gonna launch on time too is that

2605
01:31:08,550 --> 01:31:04,080
correct

2606
01:31:11,510 --> 01:31:10,229
um so i just wanted if you can tell us

2607
01:31:13,830 --> 01:31:11,520
um what's current what the current

2608
01:31:16,709 --> 01:31:13,840
thoughts are for the flight profile of

2609
01:31:18,229 --> 01:31:16,719
tail number zero zero three yes for okay

2610
01:31:19,990 --> 01:31:18,239
the what's the profile going to be like

2611
01:31:21,669 --> 01:31:20,000
that's why you better where are we going

2612
01:31:23,030 --> 01:31:21,679
exactly so you know

2613
01:31:24,310 --> 01:31:23,040
right to the you know it'll be the lunar

2614
01:31:26,229 --> 01:31:24,320
vicinity you know we've talked about the

2615
01:31:27,830 --> 01:31:26,239
the basic uh trajectory would be to do a

2616
01:31:28,790 --> 01:31:27,840
you know high lunar orbit of that now

2617
01:31:29,990 --> 01:31:28,800
there's still there's still some trade

2618
01:31:31,350 --> 01:31:30,000
space there how do you want to do that

2619
01:31:33,189 --> 01:31:31,360
do you want to do you want to build up

2620
01:31:34,390 --> 01:31:33,199
to go into the moon you know if you have

2621
01:31:36,390 --> 01:31:34,400
depending on what capabilities we have

2622
01:31:38,149 --> 01:31:36,400
we may be able to stay longer in low

2623
01:31:39,669 --> 01:31:38,159
earth orbit because the tricky part

2624
01:31:41,270 --> 01:31:39,679
about tail number zero zero three is

2625
01:31:43,189 --> 01:31:41,280
that's the first one with the eclipse

2626
01:31:44,870 --> 01:31:43,199
system so the life environmental control

2627
01:31:46,149 --> 01:31:44,880
and life support system it's got the

2628
01:31:47,910 --> 01:31:46,159
stuff that keeps us alive you don't need

2629
01:31:49,270 --> 01:31:47,920
that for tail number one and two three

2630
01:31:50,550 --> 01:31:49,280
it's very important

2631
01:31:52,149 --> 01:31:50,560
so you wanna put a little bit of time on

2632
01:31:53,750 --> 01:31:52,159
that before you make that big burn to

2633
01:31:55,110 --> 01:31:53,760
the moon so we're gonna we're gonna see

2634
01:31:56,950 --> 01:31:55,120
what the best trajectory and the best

2635
01:31:58,149 --> 01:31:56,960
profile is but uh i think we can get the

2636
01:31:59,830 --> 01:31:58,159
best of both worlds get a little bit of

2637
01:32:02,149 --> 01:31:59,840
time on it and then then take a shot at

2638
01:32:03,750 --> 01:32:02,159
the moon so it's pretty amazing and it's

2639
01:32:04,950 --> 01:32:03,760
going to be a it's going to be a game

2640
01:32:06,390 --> 01:32:04,960
changer it really is but there's

2641
01:32:08,550 --> 01:32:06,400
there'll be no shortage of astronauts

2642
01:32:11,430 --> 01:32:08,560
volunteering for that mission

2643
01:32:14,870 --> 01:32:13,270
hi there bobby russell and i'm a pilot

2644
01:32:16,790 --> 01:32:14,880
and also a suborbital space flight

2645
01:32:17,910 --> 01:32:16,800
training at xcor oh great and so i

2646
01:32:20,149 --> 01:32:17,920
haven't heard anybody talk about

2647
01:32:21,590 --> 01:32:20,159
tomorrow in flight profile as far as are

2648
01:32:22,470 --> 01:32:21,600
there going to be pitching maneuvers are

2649
01:32:24,310 --> 01:32:22,480
we going to actually test the

2650
01:32:25,669 --> 01:32:24,320
maneuverability of the capsule you bet

2651
01:32:26,950 --> 01:32:25,679
so it's they are going to to a certain

2652
01:32:28,950 --> 01:32:26,960
extent so once it separates from the

2653
01:32:30,709 --> 01:32:28,960
upper stage it has to reorient itself to

2654
01:32:33,189 --> 01:32:30,719
basically uh to basically have the right

2655
01:32:34,470 --> 01:32:33,199
profile for uh uh for re-entries and

2656
01:32:36,070 --> 01:32:34,480
that's that's very important so that is

2657
01:32:37,669 --> 01:32:36,080
a good a good test of the reaction

2658
01:32:38,950 --> 01:32:37,679
control system which you know each one

2659
01:32:40,950 --> 01:32:38,960
of these is not necessarily a long test

2660
01:32:42,950 --> 01:32:40,960
but they're important important ways of

2661
01:32:44,709 --> 01:32:42,960
testing each one of these systems

2662
01:32:45,990 --> 01:32:44,719
because it really does get a good a good

2663
01:32:47,350 --> 01:32:46,000
cross-section of this of the importance

2664
01:32:49,990 --> 01:32:47,360
you can separation systems you do the

2665
01:32:51,750 --> 01:32:50,000
parachute systems and uh so there's a

2666
01:32:52,950 --> 01:32:51,760
and the guidance navigation and

2667
01:32:55,990 --> 01:32:52,960
propulsion system so there's a lot of

2668
01:32:59,990 --> 01:32:57,430
unfortunately that's all the time we

2669
01:33:01,910 --> 01:33:00,000
have left for rex walheim thank you for

2670
01:33:08,310 --> 01:33:01,920
joining us all right thank you

2671
01:33:12,310 --> 01:33:10,390
so a lot of work went into making orion

2672
01:33:13,350 --> 01:33:12,320
this test flight happened tomorrow you

2673
01:33:14,870 --> 01:33:13,360
know there's all kinds of testing that

2674
01:33:16,709 --> 01:33:14,880
happened before a lot of milestones were

2675
01:34:26,550 --> 01:33:16,719
reached um let's check it out let's see

2676
01:34:29,669 --> 01:34:28,390
and for our grand finale let me

2677
01:34:31,590 --> 01:34:29,679
introduce to you the man who can answer

2678
01:34:37,430 --> 01:34:31,600
any of your questions about orion mark

2679
01:34:42,390 --> 01:34:38,390
thank you

2680
01:34:44,070 --> 01:34:42,400
i look forward to some questions i know

2681
01:34:46,629 --> 01:34:44,080
you guys already heard you talking to

2682
01:34:49,910 --> 01:34:46,639
rex and uh you had some great speakers

2683
01:34:51,189 --> 01:34:49,920
today with gerst and charlie and john so

2684
01:34:52,629 --> 01:34:51,199
i'll talk a little bit about orion i

2685
01:34:53,910 --> 01:34:52,639
think you've i already heard some

2686
01:34:55,510 --> 01:34:53,920
questions about orion so you already

2687
01:34:57,590 --> 01:34:55,520
know a lot about it but i'll tell you a

2688
01:34:59,110 --> 01:34:57,600
little bit from my perspective uh and

2689
01:35:01,510 --> 01:34:59,120
then we can dialogue on things that

2690
01:35:04,310 --> 01:35:01,520
you're interested in so orion of course

2691
01:35:06,950 --> 01:35:04,320
is the capsule system that that takes

2692
01:35:09,270 --> 01:35:06,960
the crew out into deep space uh sls

2693
01:35:11,430 --> 01:35:09,280
gives us the velocity but orion is where

2694
01:35:13,510 --> 01:35:11,440
the crew resides and does their work

2695
01:35:14,790 --> 01:35:13,520
it's how uh it's broke up into three

2696
01:35:16,550 --> 01:35:14,800
different pieces

2697
01:35:17,910 --> 01:35:16,560
the crew module is the main focus and

2698
01:35:20,229 --> 01:35:17,920
that's also the main focus of the test

2699
01:35:22,229 --> 01:35:20,239
tomorrow crew module is where the crew

2700
01:35:23,750 --> 01:35:22,239
lives sleeps works it's where they

2701
01:35:25,590 --> 01:35:23,760
interact with the vehicle

2702
01:35:26,950 --> 01:35:25,600
it's where they where their seats are

2703
01:35:28,470 --> 01:35:26,960
it's where they

2704
01:35:30,229 --> 01:35:28,480
have their displays and controls to

2705
01:35:31,910 --> 01:35:30,239
interact with the computers

2706
01:35:34,149 --> 01:35:31,920
it's where they stow their food it's

2707
01:35:36,709 --> 01:35:34,159
where their suits would be

2708
01:35:38,149 --> 01:35:36,719
and also inside the the crew module

2709
01:35:40,070 --> 01:35:38,159
itself can act as an airlock we can

2710
01:35:43,110 --> 01:35:40,080
depress the cabin uh and they can go

2711
01:35:44,390 --> 01:35:43,120
outside and do ebas the crew module also

2712
01:35:46,870 --> 01:35:44,400
then has the heat shields and the

2713
01:35:48,950 --> 01:35:46,880
parachutes and all the computers that do

2714
01:35:51,030 --> 01:35:48,960
all the navigation and guidance the rcs

2715
01:35:53,669 --> 01:35:51,040
system that that

2716
01:35:54,870 --> 01:35:53,679
controls the the how we point orion so

2717
01:35:57,510 --> 01:35:54,880
that we enter

2718
01:35:59,030 --> 01:35:57,520
uh safely behind the crew module is what

2719
01:36:01,030 --> 01:35:59,040
we call the service module the service

2720
01:36:02,870 --> 01:36:01,040
module is where you have the big tanks

2721
01:36:04,470 --> 01:36:02,880
for the water and the air it's also

2722
01:36:06,790 --> 01:36:04,480
where the big prop system is it's where

2723
01:36:08,149 --> 01:36:06,800
the radiators are to cool the systems

2724
01:36:08,870 --> 01:36:08,159
it's where the solar rays are going to

2725
01:36:10,629 --> 01:36:08,880
be

2726
01:36:11,830 --> 01:36:10,639
to generate power when we're in deep

2727
01:36:14,149 --> 01:36:11,840
space

2728
01:36:16,070 --> 01:36:14,159
that service module part is actually

2729
01:36:17,510 --> 01:36:16,080
going to fly a full service module on

2730
01:36:19,110 --> 01:36:17,520
our next flight on this flight it's

2731
01:36:20,790 --> 01:36:19,120
basically a structure it's basically a

2732
01:36:21,910 --> 01:36:20,800
service module structure and we're

2733
01:36:24,229 --> 01:36:21,920
flying it because we're going to test

2734
01:36:25,669 --> 01:36:24,239
some of the key pyrotechnic separation

2735
01:36:27,669 --> 01:36:25,679
events like these fairings you see in

2736
01:36:29,110 --> 01:36:27,679
the movie come off and the separation

2737
01:36:31,189 --> 01:36:29,120
between the crew module and the service

2738
01:36:32,629 --> 01:36:31,199
module which is obviously one that's got

2739
01:36:33,990 --> 01:36:32,639
to work

2740
01:36:35,590 --> 01:36:34,000
and the reason we're testing those

2741
01:36:38,790 --> 01:36:35,600
particular systems on this flight is

2742
01:36:40,390 --> 01:36:38,800
pyrotechnic devices they have to work

2743
01:36:42,149 --> 01:36:40,400
you know they have to work when you need

2744
01:36:44,709 --> 01:36:42,159
them to work so they got to be high

2745
01:36:46,390 --> 01:36:44,719
reliable high reliable parts

2746
01:36:47,990 --> 01:36:46,400
because they are fundamentally critical

2747
01:36:50,149 --> 01:36:48,000
operations

2748
01:36:51,990 --> 01:36:50,159
then on the very top of orion when you

2749
01:36:54,390 --> 01:36:52,000
look at it you see it uh on the top of

2750
01:36:56,390 --> 01:36:54,400
the the rocket you see the pointy part

2751
01:36:58,229 --> 01:36:56,400
and the and the dome part that's what we

2752
01:36:59,990 --> 01:36:58,239
call the launch abort system the launch

2753
01:37:00,870 --> 01:37:00,000
abort system is there that when we fly

2754
01:37:03,109 --> 01:37:00,880
people

2755
01:37:04,790 --> 01:37:03,119
in the very small chance that we have a

2756
01:37:06,870 --> 01:37:04,800
problem with the rocket

2757
01:37:08,709 --> 01:37:06,880
we can get the people safely off the

2758
01:37:11,350 --> 01:37:08,719
rocket and get them out over the water

2759
01:37:12,550 --> 01:37:11,360
and land safely uh in the crew module

2760
01:37:14,229 --> 01:37:12,560
and so that's called the launch abort

2761
01:37:16,629 --> 01:37:14,239
system it's a very large solid rocket

2762
01:37:18,870 --> 01:37:16,639
motor it's about 500 000 pounds it'll

2763
01:37:21,109 --> 01:37:18,880
accelerate the crew at about 12 and a

2764
01:37:23,030 --> 01:37:21,119
half g's 12.5 times the acceleration of

2765
01:37:24,709 --> 01:37:23,040
gravity so it's quite a ride

2766
01:37:26,950 --> 01:37:24,719
but the main thing is to get them out

2767
01:37:29,109 --> 01:37:26,960
get them safe and so that's we tested

2768
01:37:30,390 --> 01:37:29,119
that system fully up in white sands a

2769
01:37:33,030 --> 01:37:30,400
few years ago

2770
01:37:35,990 --> 01:37:33,040
on eft-1 the only part of the last we're

2771
01:37:37,430 --> 01:37:36,000
testing is basically the structure and

2772
01:37:39,510 --> 01:37:37,440
what we call the jettison motor it's the

2773
01:37:41,189 --> 01:37:39,520
motor that basically pulls the cap off

2774
01:37:42,229 --> 01:37:41,199
the crew module in the nominal flight if

2775
01:37:44,310 --> 01:37:42,239
everything's going well and we don't

2776
01:37:46,310 --> 01:37:44,320
need the abort system the jettison motor

2777
01:37:49,750 --> 01:37:46,320
pulls the last off and that part we will

2778
01:37:52,149 --> 01:37:49,760
test tomorrow so that's what orion is um

2779
01:37:53,590 --> 01:37:52,159
a couple things about what orion what

2780
01:37:56,070 --> 01:37:53,600
what makes orion different orion is

2781
01:37:58,310 --> 01:37:56,080
built from the beginning to be a beyond

2782
01:37:59,590 --> 01:37:58,320
low earth orbit spacecraft and what do i

2783
01:38:00,870 --> 01:37:59,600
mean by that when you go beyond

2784
01:38:02,550 --> 01:38:00,880
low-earth orbit there's a lot of things

2785
01:38:04,070 --> 01:38:02,560
that are different number one is the

2786
01:38:06,629 --> 01:38:04,080
duration if you're going to space

2787
01:38:09,109 --> 01:38:06,639
station it's a a day and a half up maybe

2788
01:38:10,310 --> 01:38:09,119
two and a day back down so three to four

2789
01:38:12,390 --> 01:38:10,320
days max

2790
01:38:13,430 --> 01:38:12,400
for our missions at a minimum you know

2791
01:38:15,270 --> 01:38:13,440
getting to the regions that we're

2792
01:38:17,590 --> 01:38:15,280
talking about can be as much as five to

2793
01:38:20,390 --> 01:38:17,600
ten days in one way so orion's built to

2794
01:38:22,070 --> 01:38:20,400
be a 21 day mission for four people so

2795
01:38:23,030 --> 01:38:22,080
that drives obvious things like food

2796
01:38:24,149 --> 01:38:23,040
water

2797
01:38:25,590 --> 01:38:24,159
air those kind of things are pretty

2798
01:38:27,270 --> 01:38:25,600
straightforward the things you need to

2799
01:38:29,590 --> 01:38:27,280
do to pull the carbon dioxide out of the

2800
01:38:30,709 --> 01:38:29,600
air for the crew so we're bigger to

2801
01:38:32,149 --> 01:38:30,719
handle those kind of things we have a

2802
01:38:33,910 --> 01:38:32,159
bigger volume

2803
01:38:35,270 --> 01:38:33,920
also for the crew you know the crews

2804
01:38:36,870 --> 01:38:35,280
together for a longer period of time

2805
01:38:38,950 --> 01:38:36,880
they need a little more volume

2806
01:38:40,550 --> 01:38:38,960
uh also it drives the propulsion system

2807
01:38:43,030 --> 01:38:40,560
is about double what you would need in a

2808
01:38:44,870 --> 01:38:43,040
leo system heat shield

2809
01:38:46,629 --> 01:38:44,880
has to handle entries that are about

2810
01:38:48,310 --> 01:38:46,639
almost one and a half times faster

2811
01:38:49,430 --> 01:38:48,320
coming in so the heat shield's got to be

2812
01:38:50,550 --> 01:38:49,440
different than a low earth orbit

2813
01:38:51,669 --> 01:38:50,560
spacecraft

2814
01:38:53,590 --> 01:38:51,679
and one of the things that people don't

2815
01:38:54,629 --> 01:38:53,600
think about is uh emergencies when

2816
01:38:55,910 --> 01:38:54,639
you're at the

2817
01:38:57,830 --> 01:38:55,920
in low earth orbit you can get to the

2818
01:38:59,750 --> 01:38:57,840
ground in about 45 minutes so if you had

2819
01:39:00,950 --> 01:38:59,760
a leak in the cabin you could crank up

2820
01:39:02,070 --> 01:39:00,960
the oxygen

2821
01:39:03,750 --> 01:39:02,080
get to the ground you're okay when

2822
01:39:04,790 --> 01:39:03,760
you're at the moon you can be as much in

2823
01:39:07,350 --> 01:39:04,800
the missions we're talking about

2824
01:39:08,629 --> 01:39:07,360
anywhere from five to ten days from home

2825
01:39:10,149 --> 01:39:08,639
so your systems have to be highly

2826
01:39:11,669 --> 01:39:10,159
reliable so you don't have those

2827
01:39:12,790 --> 01:39:11,679
problems and then if you do have them

2828
01:39:14,229 --> 01:39:12,800
because you have to protect for the fact

2829
01:39:16,709 --> 01:39:14,239
that you might so we protect people like

2830
01:39:18,470 --> 01:39:16,719
rex you got to have systems

2831
01:39:20,790 --> 01:39:18,480
that can that can protect the crew so

2832
01:39:22,870 --> 01:39:20,800
for an example if we had a depressed

2833
01:39:24,390 --> 01:39:22,880
cabin the whole cabin is depressed all

2834
01:39:26,790 --> 01:39:24,400
the systems will work on orion they're

2835
01:39:28,070 --> 01:39:26,800
built to work and the crew can stay in

2836
01:39:30,229 --> 01:39:28,080
their suits

2837
01:39:31,590 --> 01:39:30,239
on the ecosystem for six days and we can

2838
01:39:32,870 --> 01:39:31,600
get them home

2839
01:39:34,870 --> 01:39:32,880
so that's the kind of thing you need on

2840
01:39:36,709 --> 01:39:34,880
the deep space spacecraft that drives

2841
01:39:37,910 --> 01:39:36,719
complexity in the systems reliability

2842
01:39:38,830 --> 01:39:37,920
those kind of things just just an

2843
01:39:42,229 --> 01:39:38,840
example

2844
01:39:43,910 --> 01:39:42,239
tomorrow is a key test for us it is uh

2845
01:39:45,590 --> 01:39:43,920
as i mentioned before the main test is

2846
01:39:48,629 --> 01:39:45,600
for the crew module we're pushing on the

2847
01:39:50,070 --> 01:39:48,639
key crew module systems entry navigation

2848
01:39:51,669 --> 01:39:50,080
and guidance to make sure a point of the

2849
01:39:53,350 --> 01:39:51,679
computers are working we're going to see

2850
01:39:55,270 --> 01:39:53,360
high radiation so we'll make sure the

2851
01:39:57,669 --> 01:39:55,280
computers can work through that

2852
01:39:59,590 --> 01:39:57,679
uh we'll deploy all the parachutes

2853
01:40:00,709 --> 01:39:59,600
uh it's important to that the parachutes

2854
01:40:02,550 --> 01:40:00,719
all work so we're going to deploy them

2855
01:40:03,990 --> 01:40:02,560
in exactly the

2856
01:40:05,669 --> 01:40:04,000
environment we expect to see on a

2857
01:40:07,030 --> 01:40:05,679
nominal flight

2858
01:40:08,470 --> 01:40:07,040
and then we'll also do these key

2859
01:40:09,990 --> 01:40:08,480
separation events

2860
01:40:11,990 --> 01:40:10,000
i mentioned the press conference i had

2861
01:40:12,950 --> 01:40:12,000
earlier today that the

2862
01:40:14,310 --> 01:40:12,960
it's

2863
01:40:15,750 --> 01:40:14,320
unmanned tests are really important

2864
01:40:17,270 --> 01:40:15,760
because on those tests you want to push

2865
01:40:19,590 --> 01:40:17,280
the vehicle very hard because this is

2866
01:40:22,390 --> 01:40:19,600
your chance to learn things

2867
01:40:24,390 --> 01:40:22,400
that you didn't expect so as i mentioned

2868
01:40:25,590 --> 01:40:24,400
a couple days ago i hope

2869
01:40:27,109 --> 01:40:25,600
certainly part of me hopes that

2870
01:40:28,709 --> 01:40:27,119
everything is perfect and we get the big

2871
01:40:31,270 --> 01:40:28,719
high five at the end right we go have a

2872
01:40:33,030 --> 01:40:31,280
we go have a party but i also what i

2873
01:40:35,030 --> 01:40:33,040
really want though is if there are

2874
01:40:36,550 --> 01:40:35,040
things that are that are eluding us and

2875
01:40:38,310 --> 01:40:36,560
other things that are beyond what our

2876
01:40:40,229 --> 01:40:38,320
models tell us

2877
01:40:42,390 --> 01:40:40,239
but are the truth then i want to learn

2878
01:40:45,030 --> 01:40:42,400
those tomorrow so that we make we can

2879
01:40:46,870 --> 01:40:45,040
adapt to that and make the best system

2880
01:40:49,270 --> 01:40:46,880
to take people beyond low earth orbit

2881
01:40:50,870 --> 01:40:49,280
and and keep people like rex safe so

2882
01:40:52,310 --> 01:40:50,880
that's a key part of tomorrow so i think

2883
01:40:54,709 --> 01:40:52,320
that's enough for me talking i think

2884
01:40:55,669 --> 01:40:54,719
it'd better get get to questions

2885
01:40:56,950 --> 01:40:55,679
two questions in the room we're gonna go

2886
01:40:57,750 --> 01:40:56,960
to the centers and come back here to the

2887
01:40:59,030 --> 01:40:57,760
room

2888
01:41:00,950 --> 01:40:59,040
over here

2889
01:41:02,629 --> 01:41:00,960
hi um anthony jordan i'm freelance

2890
01:41:04,470 --> 01:41:02,639
photographer and social media consultant

2891
01:41:05,669 --> 01:41:04,480
out of miami i just wanted to say thank

2892
01:41:07,030 --> 01:41:05,679
you on behalf of everybody in the room

2893
01:41:10,070 --> 01:41:07,040
for taking your time today and providing

2894
01:41:12,310 --> 01:41:10,080
this information um it's it's a plethora

2895
01:41:13,590 --> 01:41:12,320
of knowledge and a really really amazing

2896
01:41:14,870 --> 01:41:13,600
experience for a lot of us here first

2897
01:41:16,390 --> 01:41:14,880
timers by the way

2898
01:41:18,229 --> 01:41:16,400
my question is what was the creative

2899
01:41:19,590 --> 01:41:18,239
inspiration behind the design of orion

2900
01:41:22,229 --> 01:41:19,600
and the entire system taking the

2901
01:41:25,189 --> 01:41:22,239
spacecraft into orbit tomorrow

2902
01:41:27,750 --> 01:41:25,199
so the inspiration really is about

2903
01:41:29,590 --> 01:41:27,760
getting people out into the solar system

2904
01:41:31,270 --> 01:41:29,600
right and exploring beyond low earth

2905
01:41:33,990 --> 01:41:31,280
orbit getting out and seeing things

2906
01:41:36,950 --> 01:41:34,000
differently um

2907
01:41:37,750 --> 01:41:36,960
many of you i think most of you

2908
01:41:39,109 --> 01:41:37,760
uh

2909
01:41:41,990 --> 01:41:39,119
when you were born we'd already done

2910
01:41:43,350 --> 01:41:42,000
apollo probably so i remember before

2911
01:41:45,189 --> 01:41:43,360
apollo

2912
01:41:47,750 --> 01:41:45,199
uh and i remember the first time we saw

2913
01:41:49,669 --> 01:41:47,760
the earth from the moon

2914
01:41:52,149 --> 01:41:49,679
and it changed our whole perception

2915
01:41:53,910 --> 01:41:52,159
about this planet so exploration is

2916
01:41:55,830 --> 01:41:53,920
about things like that

2917
01:41:57,669 --> 01:41:55,840
is that we go out and we go look at

2918
01:41:59,430 --> 01:41:57,679
these things like these asteroids we go

2919
01:42:01,030 --> 01:41:59,440
out and actually visit the asteroids

2920
01:42:02,870 --> 01:42:01,040
where they are we actually go to mars

2921
01:42:04,790 --> 01:42:02,880
we're going to learn things like that

2922
01:42:05,910 --> 01:42:04,800
and things about life itself on mars

2923
01:42:07,669 --> 01:42:05,920
those kind of things that's that's the

2924
01:42:10,629 --> 01:42:07,679
inspiration for why we want to do this

2925
01:42:12,629 --> 01:42:10,639
kind of a thing the orion design in the

2926
01:42:14,550 --> 01:42:12,639
orion mission really came out of looking

2927
01:42:15,990 --> 01:42:14,560
hard at what what these missions look

2928
01:42:17,910 --> 01:42:16,000
like what are the requirements for the

2929
01:42:19,910 --> 01:42:17,920
mission how long do we need to be how

2930
01:42:22,550 --> 01:42:19,920
safe does it need to be what's the crew

2931
01:42:23,510 --> 01:42:22,560
size we need what's the right shape to

2932
01:42:25,830 --> 01:42:23,520
get the

2933
01:42:27,830 --> 01:42:25,840
the lowest mass

2934
01:42:28,950 --> 01:42:27,840
safest entry right so that's where we

2935
01:42:30,070 --> 01:42:28,960
get to shape that's why it looks like

2936
01:42:31,510 --> 01:42:30,080
apollo because the physics haven't

2937
01:42:33,750 --> 01:42:31,520
changed since the 60s coming back on

2938
01:42:35,510 --> 01:42:33,760
those speeds uh still work the way they

2939
01:42:36,709 --> 01:42:35,520
did then but the insides are totally

2940
01:42:38,470 --> 01:42:36,719
different so they're all

2941
01:42:41,189 --> 01:42:38,480
state-of-the-art computers

2942
01:42:43,189 --> 01:42:41,199
um and other systems so it makes it a

2943
01:42:45,430 --> 01:42:43,199
very much more capable system than we

2944
01:42:46,550 --> 01:42:45,440
had in the 60s yes sir

2945
01:42:49,430 --> 01:42:46,560
oh i'm sorry you're gonna you're gonna

2946
01:42:50,950 --> 01:42:49,440
pick the answer yeah i'll look at you hi

2947
01:42:52,629 --> 01:42:50,960
thank you again for being here i'm emily

2948
01:42:54,830 --> 01:42:52,639
kellendrelli host of exploration outer

2949
01:42:57,590 --> 01:42:54,840
space on fox and as you know public

2950
01:42:59,590 --> 01:42:57,600
support specifically u.s citizen public

2951
01:43:01,590 --> 01:42:59,600
support is essential for the

2952
01:43:03,109 --> 01:43:01,600
sustainability of programs like this

2953
01:43:04,629 --> 01:43:03,119
what advice would you give to u.s

2954
01:43:05,990 --> 01:43:04,639
citizens on

2955
01:43:07,510 --> 01:43:06,000
explaining and communicating the

2956
01:43:10,070 --> 01:43:07,520
importance of these programs to the

2957
01:43:11,910 --> 01:43:10,080
people that represent us in congress so

2958
01:43:13,590 --> 01:43:11,920
two things uh two things i would say

2959
01:43:15,590 --> 01:43:13,600
first was the the comments i made about

2960
01:43:18,070 --> 01:43:15,600
exploration right about how it changes

2961
01:43:19,430 --> 01:43:18,080
how we view the how we view the world i

2962
01:43:21,350 --> 01:43:19,440
also think about

2963
01:43:23,189 --> 01:43:21,360
when we go to mars and we learn about

2964
01:43:24,629 --> 01:43:23,199
the martian atmosphere about what

2965
01:43:27,030 --> 01:43:24,639
happened on mars i think you can tell us

2966
01:43:28,310 --> 01:43:27,040
a lot about or the earth right what some

2967
01:43:30,070 --> 01:43:28,320
of the risks might be on earth so i

2968
01:43:31,669 --> 01:43:30,080
think it can have tangible benefits for

2969
01:43:33,910 --> 01:43:31,679
us as well as just understanding life

2970
01:43:35,189 --> 01:43:33,920
itself if we find life on mars what does

2971
01:43:37,910 --> 01:43:35,199
it tell us about life here so that's

2972
01:43:40,550 --> 01:43:37,920
huge but i think the more tactical or

2973
01:43:42,470 --> 01:43:40,560
more day-to-day stuff all the money

2974
01:43:44,310 --> 01:43:42,480
that's spent on orion is spent on the

2975
01:43:45,830 --> 01:43:44,320
planet obviously it's obvious but it

2976
01:43:48,470 --> 01:43:45,840
goes to people-like

2977
01:43:50,149 --> 01:43:48,480
uh there's there's a there's a um

2978
01:43:53,669 --> 01:43:50,159
a shop just down the road here that

2979
01:43:55,430 --> 01:43:53,679
makes uh parts of orion test parts uh

2980
01:43:57,510 --> 01:43:55,440
there it's it's a little bigger than a

2981
01:43:59,510 --> 01:43:57,520
mom-and-pop shop it's about 30 people

2982
01:44:01,189 --> 01:43:59,520
but the the kind of jobs that we give

2983
01:44:02,790 --> 01:44:01,199
them are high-tech jobs and they're

2984
01:44:04,790 --> 01:44:02,800
they're difficult jobs because we need

2985
01:44:06,790 --> 01:44:04,800
we have very tight tolerances and

2986
01:44:09,030 --> 01:44:06,800
specifications for the kind of parts

2987
01:44:10,229 --> 01:44:09,040
that we need so it requires them to

2988
01:44:12,390 --> 01:44:10,239
train their people

2989
01:44:14,149 --> 01:44:12,400
uh it requires them to to check the

2990
01:44:16,070 --> 01:44:14,159
quality and so what you get then by

2991
01:44:17,830 --> 01:44:16,080
spending money on things like this is

2992
01:44:20,149 --> 01:44:17,840
you get a workforce that has higher

2993
01:44:22,229 --> 01:44:20,159
skills that can be used on any jobs that

2994
01:44:24,550 --> 01:44:22,239
we have so i think it helps the united

2995
01:44:25,910 --> 01:44:24,560
states technology base too so it's

2996
01:44:33,189 --> 01:44:25,920
really important

2997
01:44:37,510 --> 01:44:35,350
hi my name is ryan reed i teach

2998
01:44:39,030 --> 01:44:37,520
engineering at northview high school in

2999
01:44:40,950 --> 01:44:39,040
sylvania ohio

3000
01:44:42,149 --> 01:44:40,960
i just had a question

3001
01:44:44,229 --> 01:44:42,159
concerning

3002
01:44:45,830 --> 01:44:44,239
the advice that you would give students

3003
01:44:47,830 --> 01:44:45,840
across the nation and how they could

3004
01:44:49,189 --> 01:44:47,840
possibly get involved in this program

3005
01:44:51,109 --> 01:44:49,199
this year

3006
01:44:53,350 --> 01:44:51,119
for tomorrow and then possibly in future

3007
01:44:57,109 --> 01:44:53,360
years

3008
01:44:58,870 --> 01:44:57,119
i think there so a couple things one is

3009
01:45:01,430 --> 01:44:58,880
the key thing is to keep focused on math

3010
01:45:03,109 --> 01:45:01,440
and science that's your best opportunity

3011
01:45:06,149 --> 01:45:03,119
for these kind of jobs right a lot of

3012
01:45:08,470 --> 01:45:06,159
engineering jobs are driven by that um

3013
01:45:11,189 --> 01:45:08,480
the nasa i think is doing a very good

3014
01:45:12,550 --> 01:45:11,199
job these days of getting links out and

3015
01:45:13,430 --> 01:45:12,560
descriptions of the work that we're

3016
01:45:16,470 --> 01:45:13,440
doing

3017
01:45:18,229 --> 01:45:16,480
every day so as teachers you can

3018
01:45:20,149 --> 01:45:18,239
you can go to those links you can see

3019
01:45:21,669 --> 01:45:20,159
videos you can see examples of the work

3020
01:45:23,189 --> 01:45:21,679
that we're doing to get kids excited

3021
01:45:24,870 --> 01:45:23,199
about it

3022
01:45:27,430 --> 01:45:24,880
nasa has done a really good job also on

3023
01:45:29,830 --> 01:45:27,440
this flight of having some

3024
01:45:31,830 --> 01:45:29,840
what i would call uh outreach events

3025
01:45:33,669 --> 01:45:31,840
like we had we had a competition you

3026
01:45:35,669 --> 01:45:33,679
might have met these kids already with a

3027
01:45:38,149 --> 01:45:35,679
competition uh to design a radiation

3028
01:45:39,669 --> 01:45:38,159
sensor for this flight uh it was across

3029
01:45:41,430 --> 01:45:39,679
the country there was five teams chosen

3030
01:45:42,390 --> 01:45:41,440
we picked the winner a few months ago

3031
01:45:45,030 --> 01:45:42,400
and they're actually flying their

3032
01:45:46,629 --> 01:45:45,040
experiments so look for those kind of

3033
01:45:48,070 --> 01:45:46,639
things nasa's trying to do more and more

3034
01:45:49,750 --> 01:45:48,080
of those things to make a connection

3035
01:45:52,070 --> 01:45:49,760
with the schools

3036
01:45:53,270 --> 01:45:52,080
and get kids excited

3037
01:45:58,470 --> 01:45:53,280
i take a question now from the jet

3038
01:46:02,709 --> 01:46:00,149
hi my name is laura spencer i'm in

3039
01:46:04,550 --> 01:46:02,719
education from san diego my question is

3040
01:46:06,629 --> 01:46:04,560
with all these satellite locations of

3041
01:46:09,270 --> 01:46:06,639
nasa's social participants how has the

3042
01:46:11,189 --> 01:46:09,280
actual satellite location helped

3043
01:46:12,470 --> 01:46:11,199
contribute to orion's launch tomorrow in

3044
01:46:14,390 --> 01:46:12,480
other words what a jet propulsion

3045
01:46:16,870 --> 01:46:14,400
laboratory contribute to orion's launch

3046
01:46:19,189 --> 01:46:16,880
in the morning

3047
01:46:21,430 --> 01:46:19,199
there's one key part that

3048
01:46:23,669 --> 01:46:21,440
there's a communication network across

3049
01:46:24,709 --> 01:46:23,679
this country that involves include

3050
01:46:27,350 --> 01:46:24,719
including the satellites in

3051
01:46:30,149 --> 01:46:27,360
geostationary orbit the tdrs satellites

3052
01:46:32,470 --> 01:46:30,159
but as well as ground sat ground uh

3053
01:46:34,229 --> 01:46:32,480
ground coverage areas and then all the

3054
01:46:36,229 --> 01:46:34,239
the lines and

3055
01:46:38,229 --> 01:46:36,239
and systems that tie all our pieces

3056
01:46:40,870 --> 01:46:38,239
together because we have people here

3057
01:46:42,470 --> 01:46:40,880
uh at in the onc that will be like our

3058
01:46:44,870 --> 01:46:42,480
engineering experts

3059
01:46:47,030 --> 01:46:44,880
there's people in a hangar across the

3060
01:46:49,030 --> 01:46:47,040
way on the air force side there's people

3061
01:46:50,550 --> 01:46:49,040
at jsc who are going to do contingency

3062
01:46:52,790 --> 01:46:50,560
commands if necessary there's people in

3063
01:46:55,109 --> 01:46:52,800
denver supporting if there's issues so

3064
01:46:57,109 --> 01:46:55,119
you got to tie all those people together

3065
01:46:58,950 --> 01:46:57,119
uh to get that telemetry the data back

3066
01:47:00,229 --> 01:46:58,960
so that whole network integration making

3067
01:47:01,910 --> 01:47:00,239
sure that it's set up that all the

3068
01:47:03,990 --> 01:47:01,920
pieces are there that that we've tested

3069
01:47:07,109 --> 01:47:04,000
them all that was a jpl job specifically

3070
01:47:09,910 --> 01:47:07,119
on this on this task jpl was also a key

3071
01:47:11,669 --> 01:47:09,920
part of uh the team that decided our

3072
01:47:13,189 --> 01:47:11,679
heat shield material a few years ago

3073
01:47:15,510 --> 01:47:13,199
they're a key part of that and they've

3074
01:47:16,470 --> 01:47:15,520
done on their work with us on uh gene

3075
01:47:18,470 --> 01:47:16,480
and c

3076
01:47:21,109 --> 01:47:18,480
uh and in other areas like that so

3077
01:47:27,830 --> 01:47:21,119
they've been a big part of the orion

3078
01:47:32,550 --> 01:47:29,669
i actually have two questions if i may

3079
01:47:33,910 --> 01:47:32,560
the first one is with eft one i've been

3080
01:47:37,109 --> 01:47:33,920
trying to look for information about

3081
01:47:38,149 --> 01:47:37,119
what's inside orion free ft1 in relation

3082
01:47:40,390 --> 01:47:38,159
to

3083
01:47:43,270 --> 01:47:40,400
for astronauts like do we have any crash

3084
01:47:45,750 --> 01:47:43,280
test dummies to measure the g's with the

3085
01:47:48,070 --> 01:47:45,760
all the different stages of slowing down

3086
01:47:50,870 --> 01:47:48,080
and the second question is

3087
01:47:52,709 --> 01:47:50,880
what logistical issues do you foresee

3088
01:47:54,229 --> 01:47:52,719
between the differences of the launch

3089
01:47:56,550 --> 01:47:54,239
vehicle for example tomorrow it's a

3090
01:47:59,830 --> 01:47:56,560
delta iv and it's future vehicle which

3091
01:48:01,750 --> 01:47:59,840
will be sls good good question so

3092
01:48:02,870 --> 01:48:01,760
the inside if you looked at the inside

3093
01:48:05,430 --> 01:48:02,880
you would basically just see the

3094
01:48:06,550 --> 01:48:05,440
computers and you would see some slabs

3095
01:48:08,550 --> 01:48:06,560
of metal

3096
01:48:10,070 --> 01:48:08,560
which we call mass simulators

3097
01:48:12,950 --> 01:48:10,080
so we have we have a

3098
01:48:15,910 --> 01:48:12,960
a concentration of metal that simulates

3099
01:48:17,030 --> 01:48:15,920
the the weight of the seats in the crew

3100
01:48:18,709 --> 01:48:17,040
and we have the same thing for the

3101
01:48:20,149 --> 01:48:18,719
display panel because we don't need to

3102
01:48:21,270 --> 01:48:20,159
fly a real display panel they're fairly

3103
01:48:23,590 --> 01:48:21,280
expensive and there's nobody in it to

3104
01:48:25,510 --> 01:48:23,600
push the buttons but we put but we put

3105
01:48:27,510 --> 01:48:25,520
the mass up there so that the we can

3106
01:48:29,189 --> 01:48:27,520
make we see how the structure reacts to

3107
01:48:31,510 --> 01:48:29,199
having the mass hanging off of it like

3108
01:48:32,390 --> 01:48:31,520
that so we simulate the vehicle is

3109
01:48:35,510 --> 01:48:32,400
flying

3110
01:48:37,270 --> 01:48:35,520
and it it's it it flies as if it had the

3111
01:48:38,709 --> 01:48:37,280
crew and those other pieces in it that

3112
01:48:41,430 --> 01:48:38,719
was a key part that it flies to the

3113
01:48:43,350 --> 01:48:41,440
right pieces as far as measuring

3114
01:48:45,350 --> 01:48:43,360
velocities we have accelerometers and

3115
01:48:48,550 --> 01:48:45,360
other and other load indicators so we'll

3116
01:48:51,350 --> 01:48:48,560
know we'll see those those parameters

3117
01:48:53,189 --> 01:48:51,360
i expect on the next flight on em1 we'll

3118
01:48:55,510 --> 01:48:53,199
actually have a seat

3119
01:48:57,109 --> 01:48:55,520
and some way to measure um in the

3120
01:48:58,149 --> 01:48:57,119
specific locations where the crew is

3121
01:48:59,430 --> 01:48:58,159
going to be

3122
01:49:01,669 --> 01:48:59,440
what we think those responses but you

3123
01:49:03,350 --> 01:49:01,679
you can get a lot by this flight and how

3124
01:49:04,470 --> 01:49:03,360
we expect the loads would transfer

3125
01:49:06,310 --> 01:49:04,480
through a seat because we could do we

3126
01:49:07,669 --> 01:49:06,320
can test we can do tests on the ground

3127
01:49:09,350 --> 01:49:07,679
with a seat and

3128
01:49:11,109 --> 01:49:09,360
crash test dummies to get that last

3129
01:49:12,790 --> 01:49:11,119
piece so it's a great question because

3130
01:49:14,870 --> 01:49:12,800
that's really an important part of the

3131
01:49:17,430 --> 01:49:14,880
landing it's not just that the computers

3132
01:49:19,189 --> 01:49:17,440
are back okay but how did the crew react

3133
01:49:20,870 --> 01:49:19,199
yeah it's a big piece

3134
01:49:22,550 --> 01:49:20,880
yeah

3135
01:49:24,629 --> 01:49:22,560
hi my name is heather hinkle and i

3136
01:49:26,310 --> 01:49:24,639
actually work for one of your sister

3137
01:49:29,990 --> 01:49:26,320
federal agencies for the us geological

3138
01:49:31,189 --> 01:49:30,000
survey and i think the socials at nasa

3139
01:49:32,870 --> 01:49:31,199
runs are really great because i think

3140
01:49:35,430 --> 01:49:32,880
it's a great way to get the public

3141
01:49:37,430 --> 01:49:35,440
involved and also to get the word out

3142
01:49:39,669 --> 01:49:37,440
the question i had was

3143
01:49:41,350 --> 01:49:39,679
there's a 3d printer up on the iss right

3144
01:49:44,149 --> 01:49:41,360
now and i know that they're starting to

3145
01:49:46,709 --> 01:49:44,159
look at um how it could be used and how

3146
01:49:49,510 --> 01:49:46,719
the structures are being formed and i

3147
01:49:52,070 --> 01:49:49,520
was just wondering if orion has given

3148
01:49:53,270 --> 01:49:52,080
any thought to how the 3d printer might

3149
01:49:55,270 --> 01:49:53,280
be using in the future are you just kind

3150
01:49:57,189 --> 01:49:55,280
of waiting to see how it goes on the iss

3151
01:49:59,350 --> 01:49:57,199
so we

3152
01:50:01,270 --> 01:49:59,360
we have actually parts on this flight

3153
01:50:03,270 --> 01:50:01,280
that are made in a similar process

3154
01:50:04,870 --> 01:50:03,280
they're fairly simple part it's a vent

3155
01:50:06,310 --> 01:50:04,880
on the back shell

3156
01:50:07,830 --> 01:50:06,320
because as you go through the atmosphere

3157
01:50:09,350 --> 01:50:07,840
you want to make sure that the air

3158
01:50:11,189 --> 01:50:09,360
that's on the other side gets through

3159
01:50:13,830 --> 01:50:11,199
without causing any damage so we have

3160
01:50:15,030 --> 01:50:13,840
vents that are made in a similar process

3161
01:50:16,870 --> 01:50:15,040
to that

3162
01:50:19,030 --> 01:50:16,880
on em-1

3163
01:50:20,950 --> 01:50:19,040
if you look if you look at the side

3164
01:50:22,790 --> 01:50:20,960
of the orion and you see the service

3165
01:50:24,310 --> 01:50:22,800
module fairings eventually they'll come

3166
01:50:26,629 --> 01:50:24,320
off at the very top of those fairings

3167
01:50:28,149 --> 01:50:26,639
there's a there's a piece of metal

3168
01:50:30,310 --> 01:50:28,159
that is called a snubber it holds the

3169
01:50:32,470 --> 01:50:30,320
fairing on and it makes a it makes it so

3170
01:50:34,390 --> 01:50:32,480
the air can go by that transition very

3171
01:50:35,669 --> 01:50:34,400
easily but it's a fairly complex part it

3172
01:50:37,669 --> 01:50:35,679
has a lot of curvature in it and you

3173
01:50:39,430 --> 01:50:37,679
need a little bulb lip at the end of it

3174
01:50:41,910 --> 01:50:39,440
it's very hard to make

3175
01:50:43,350 --> 01:50:41,920
um on a machine so it turns out on em

3176
01:50:44,790 --> 01:50:43,360
one we're also already for the next

3177
01:50:46,870 --> 01:50:44,800
flight we're already making them in a 3d

3178
01:50:49,350 --> 01:50:46,880
printed like process because you can

3179
01:50:52,070 --> 01:50:49,360
make a very complex part very simply so

3180
01:50:53,669 --> 01:50:52,080
we look at where it makes sense for us

3181
01:50:55,669 --> 01:50:53,679
and i think it's a great advancement and

3182
01:50:58,390 --> 01:50:55,679
i expect it will continue to be that way

3183
01:50:59,990 --> 01:50:58,400
and will adapt to that

3184
01:51:06,070 --> 01:51:00,000
thanks our next question is from the

3185
01:51:10,790 --> 01:51:09,270
mark tim cooper um from here in houston

3186
01:51:12,149 --> 01:51:10,800
long time listener first time caller

3187
01:51:14,149 --> 01:51:12,159
thanks for having me

3188
01:51:16,629 --> 01:51:14,159
uh my question is back to eft one the

3189
01:51:19,270 --> 01:51:16,639
trajectory uh first time we've been this

3190
01:51:20,950 --> 01:51:19,280
deep into space for decades

3191
01:51:23,030 --> 01:51:20,960
is there any special considerations to

3192
01:51:26,229 --> 01:51:23,040
the flight path to avoid all the stuff

3193
01:51:27,750 --> 01:51:26,239
that we've put into orbit since then

3194
01:51:30,550 --> 01:51:27,760
that's that is another really good

3195
01:51:32,550 --> 01:51:30,560
question we did not

3196
01:51:34,790 --> 01:51:32,560
try to avoid

3197
01:51:36,229 --> 01:51:34,800
pieces of the orbit you know we really

3198
01:51:38,070 --> 01:51:36,239
focused on

3199
01:51:39,830 --> 01:51:38,080
what the orbit was that we needed in

3200
01:51:41,510 --> 01:51:39,840
order to get the objectives for this

3201
01:51:43,350 --> 01:51:41,520
flight and as as you remember the main

3202
01:51:45,430 --> 01:51:43,360
objective one of the key objectives

3203
01:51:46,790 --> 01:51:45,440
which is really driving the altitude

3204
01:51:48,629 --> 01:51:46,800
is the heat shield so we're trying to

3205
01:51:51,030 --> 01:51:48,639
get very close to lunar entry velocity

3206
01:51:53,109 --> 01:51:51,040
so we go 3 600 miles up

3207
01:51:54,229 --> 01:51:53,119
we do fly through

3208
01:51:56,790 --> 01:51:54,239
regions

3209
01:51:59,669 --> 01:51:56,800
in lower orbit that actually do have a

3210
01:52:02,550 --> 01:51:59,679
significant amount of orbital debris

3211
01:52:04,390 --> 01:52:02,560
it's still not by itself not a huge

3212
01:52:06,229 --> 01:52:04,400
driver to the risk of the flight but we

3213
01:52:09,030 --> 01:52:06,239
do calculate that nasa has a model a

3214
01:52:10,870 --> 01:52:09,040
very detailed model that we use uh data

3215
01:52:13,030 --> 01:52:10,880
from radars and other things that we can

3216
01:52:14,470 --> 01:52:13,040
kind of tell what these clouds look like

3217
01:52:16,229 --> 01:52:14,480
the speeds and so forth the kind of

3218
01:52:18,070 --> 01:52:16,239
materials and we have a model that helps

3219
01:52:19,270 --> 01:52:18,080
us project that

3220
01:52:23,109 --> 01:52:19,280
orion

3221
01:52:24,310 --> 01:52:23,119
uh is designed to protect itself against

3222
01:52:25,910 --> 01:52:24,320
a lot of that if you look at the back

3223
01:52:27,589 --> 01:52:25,920
shell of orion

3224
01:52:29,430 --> 01:52:27,599
those are actually shuttle-like tiles

3225
01:52:31,350 --> 01:52:29,440
and they actually are pretty good

3226
01:52:35,030 --> 01:52:31,360
for

3227
01:52:36,070 --> 01:52:35,040
getting hit on some from some orbital

3228
01:52:37,830 --> 01:52:36,080
debris

3229
01:52:39,589 --> 01:52:37,840
the heat shield itself the bottom is not

3230
01:52:41,270 --> 01:52:39,599
so much and you might notice that it's

3231
01:52:42,390 --> 01:52:41,280
pretty much protected by the service

3232
01:52:44,070 --> 01:52:42,400
module

3233
01:52:45,750 --> 01:52:44,080
cma so that's part of why that's it we

3234
01:52:47,510 --> 01:52:45,760
try to keep that protected so that is

3235
01:52:49,030 --> 01:52:47,520
one of the things we consider

3236
01:52:50,390 --> 01:52:49,040
and as far as the overall design of

3237
01:52:52,790 --> 01:52:50,400
orion because it will fly through these

3238
01:52:54,629 --> 01:52:52,800
regions but on this particular flight we

3239
01:52:55,830 --> 01:52:54,639
did not change the path but we did do an

3240
01:52:57,510 --> 01:52:55,840
assessment so we understood what we

3241
01:52:59,189 --> 01:52:57,520
thought the risks were

3242
01:53:04,149 --> 01:52:59,199
let's take our next question from

3243
01:53:08,390 --> 01:53:06,470
hi my name is andrea pearson haas i'm a

3244
01:53:10,390 --> 01:53:08,400
student at the university of texas at

3245
01:53:14,550 --> 01:53:10,400
dallas and i am reporting to you from

3246
01:53:16,550 --> 01:53:14,560
stennis space center my question is

3247
01:53:19,270 --> 01:53:16,560
we see robonaut on the international

3248
01:53:21,589 --> 01:53:19,280
space station do we have any measures

3249
01:53:23,669 --> 01:53:21,599
to have a cognitive robot of some sort

3250
01:53:25,189 --> 01:53:23,679
on this long space permission

3251
01:53:27,669 --> 01:53:25,199
space mission

3252
01:53:31,030 --> 01:53:27,679
to assist with the physiological

3253
01:53:33,430 --> 01:53:31,040
conditions and reduce human error

3254
01:53:36,310 --> 01:53:33,440
so on the for the first few missions

3255
01:53:37,750 --> 01:53:36,320
like em em two and three and this uh

3256
01:53:40,709 --> 01:53:37,760
asteroid redirect mission that we're

3257
01:53:42,870 --> 01:53:40,719
talking about today we would not uh you

3258
01:53:45,189 --> 01:53:42,880
know those are relatively short missions

3259
01:53:46,870 --> 01:53:45,199
21 days i think is the is the longest

3260
01:53:48,310 --> 01:53:46,880
period so that on those particular

3261
01:53:49,990 --> 01:53:48,320
missions we wouldn't

3262
01:53:52,229 --> 01:53:50,000
um you know one of the reasons robonaut

3263
01:53:53,990 --> 01:53:52,239
makes a lot of sense eventually

3264
01:53:55,589 --> 01:53:54,000
uh for space station is there it's a lot

3265
01:53:57,109 --> 01:53:55,599
of operations that are somewhat

3266
01:53:59,350 --> 01:53:57,119
repetitive

3267
01:54:01,109 --> 01:53:59,360
um and i know they spent a lot of time

3268
01:54:03,270 --> 01:54:01,119
working on actually being able to move

3269
01:54:05,189 --> 01:54:03,280
the robotic arm from the ground that

3270
01:54:06,390 --> 01:54:05,199
saves crew time on board so that's one

3271
01:54:09,109 --> 01:54:06,400
of the reasons why you like to go to

3272
01:54:11,109 --> 01:54:09,119
robotic operations to save that precious

3273
01:54:13,109 --> 01:54:11,119
crew time that you have on the astronaut

3274
01:54:14,709 --> 01:54:13,119
so when our particular missions today

3275
01:54:16,470 --> 01:54:14,719
the 21 day missions it wouldn't be a big

3276
01:54:17,589 --> 01:54:16,480
driver when you're going on to mars i

3277
01:54:19,350 --> 01:54:17,599
think that's certainly something that

3278
01:54:20,950 --> 01:54:19,360
you would start talking about how can we

3279
01:54:23,830 --> 01:54:20,960
automate more of the work

3280
01:54:25,510 --> 01:54:23,840
uh to reduce the overhead and the work

3281
01:54:27,750 --> 01:54:25,520
the crew has to do i think

3282
01:54:30,390 --> 01:54:27,760
fundamentally though the whole idea

3283
01:54:33,109 --> 01:54:30,400
of of sending humans to mars is because

3284
01:54:35,830 --> 01:54:33,119
you want the human on mars because

3285
01:54:38,629 --> 01:54:35,840
humans adapt very quickly they can think

3286
01:54:40,629 --> 01:54:38,639
uh quickly they can they can adapt to

3287
01:54:42,390 --> 01:54:40,639
scientific things they find very quickly

3288
01:54:44,070 --> 01:54:42,400
like the guys uh like the scientists we

3289
01:54:45,990 --> 01:54:44,080
sent to the service of the moon

3290
01:54:47,589 --> 01:54:46,000
it was a huge advantage to actually have

3291
01:54:49,270 --> 01:54:47,599
humans there

3292
01:54:52,790 --> 01:54:49,280
and update and change their experiments

3293
01:54:55,350 --> 01:54:52,800
based on what they found real time so

3294
01:54:56,310 --> 01:54:55,360
hi my name is sris renivassan i'm the

3295
01:54:57,990 --> 01:54:56,320
chief digital officer at the

3296
01:54:59,430 --> 01:54:58,000
metropolitan museum of art and it's an

3297
01:55:01,510 --> 01:54:59,440
absolute honor to be here and i want to

3298
01:55:03,109 --> 01:55:01,520
thank everybody at nasa for bringing us

3299
01:55:06,310 --> 01:55:03,119
all here so thank you very much we

3300
01:55:11,189 --> 01:55:08,149
good luck tomorrow thank you a quick

3301
01:55:13,430 --> 01:55:11,199
question about the role of animals in

3302
01:55:15,430 --> 01:55:13,440
space research a generation ago or many

3303
01:55:17,109 --> 01:55:15,440
generations ago i guess 40 50 years ago

3304
01:55:19,910 --> 01:55:17,119
there would have been an animal of some

3305
01:55:22,149 --> 01:55:19,920
kind on a mission like this what what

3306
01:55:24,229 --> 01:55:22,159
point did nasa see the light and the

3307
01:55:25,510 --> 01:55:24,239
value of not doing that

3308
01:55:27,669 --> 01:55:25,520
and

3309
01:55:30,550 --> 01:55:27,679
do you ever see a time when not just

3310
01:55:32,550 --> 01:55:30,560
humans but animals would also fly not as

3311
01:55:35,270 --> 01:55:32,560
experiments but because that would be a

3312
01:55:37,669 --> 01:55:35,280
good thing for humans to have animal

3313
01:55:40,229 --> 01:55:37,679
companionship on these long trips or

3314
01:55:41,830 --> 01:55:40,239
once they're there

3315
01:55:43,109 --> 01:55:41,840
well i think yeah a great question about

3316
01:55:44,470 --> 01:55:43,119
companionship because those long

3317
01:55:46,229 --> 01:55:44,480
missions you know

3318
01:55:47,669 --> 01:55:46,239
even though my dog drives me crazy i

3319
01:55:49,990 --> 01:55:47,679
think uh

3320
01:55:51,750 --> 01:55:50,000
i wouldn't want him in orion with me for

3321
01:55:52,950 --> 01:55:51,760
300 you know for three years but still

3322
01:55:54,310 --> 01:55:52,960
he's a great dog

3323
01:55:56,070 --> 01:55:54,320
it's a great question i don't know i

3324
01:55:57,589 --> 01:55:56,080
think that is as far as the one of the

3325
01:55:59,430 --> 01:55:57,599
key things about going to mars that

3326
01:56:01,270 --> 01:55:59,440
could be a very long mission

3327
01:56:02,550 --> 01:56:01,280
is the psychological effects and one of

3328
01:56:04,709 --> 01:56:02,560
the things you can do certainly taking

3329
01:56:05,750 --> 01:56:04,719
other people is a key part of that but

3330
01:56:07,589 --> 01:56:05,760
but i think what you're saying makes a

3331
01:56:08,390 --> 01:56:07,599
lot of sense maybe animals as pets in a

3332
01:56:09,830 --> 01:56:08,400
sense

3333
01:56:11,430 --> 01:56:09,840
as far as experimentation you know

3334
01:56:12,149 --> 01:56:11,440
remember the 60s were a different time

3335
01:56:19,589 --> 01:56:12,159
we

3336
01:56:21,510 --> 01:56:19,599
what was going to happen physiologically

3337
01:56:23,830 --> 01:56:21,520
what would happen so it was a different

3338
01:56:25,830 --> 01:56:23,840
time and i think we we know a lot now

3339
01:56:27,350 --> 01:56:25,840
especially since we have humans on space

3340
01:56:30,310 --> 01:56:27,360
station full-time we know a lot about

3341
01:56:31,669 --> 01:56:30,320
what happens to the human body

3342
01:56:33,990 --> 01:56:31,679
and so i don't think we need to do those

3343
01:56:36,149 --> 01:56:34,000
kind of things today so

3344
01:56:37,750 --> 01:56:36,159
hi my name is katie cersei and i'm

3345
01:56:39,830 --> 01:56:37,760
representing the students at mountain

3346
01:56:42,470 --> 01:56:39,840
park elementary school in roswell

3347
01:56:43,750 --> 01:56:42,480
georgia and luke from the fourth grade

3348
01:56:46,070 --> 01:56:43,760
has a question

3349
01:56:48,629 --> 01:56:46,080
what in the world will the astronauts do

3350
01:56:51,189 --> 01:56:48,639
for that really long trip to mars what

3351
01:56:53,189 --> 01:56:51,199
would they be doing

3352
01:56:54,950 --> 01:56:53,199
great great question i don't think my

3353
01:56:57,430 --> 01:56:54,960
son could go about 10 minutes without

3354
01:56:58,149 --> 01:56:57,440
his phone or his reddit account you know

3355
01:56:59,589 --> 01:56:58,159
so

3356
01:57:01,830 --> 01:56:59,599
um

3357
01:57:03,189 --> 01:57:01,840
i expect that's another great question

3358
01:57:05,189 --> 01:57:03,199
about what you can do certainly there's

3359
01:57:07,669 --> 01:57:05,199
going to be things we can do as far as

3360
01:57:09,910 --> 01:57:07,679
training for the the mission itself you

3361
01:57:10,870 --> 01:57:09,920
know keeping keeping your skills let's

3362
01:57:12,229 --> 01:57:10,880
say if you're if you're going to be the

3363
01:57:14,149 --> 01:57:12,239
pilot that's got to land the mission

3364
01:57:16,229 --> 01:57:14,159
when you get there there's training runs

3365
01:57:17,189 --> 01:57:16,239
you can do so we can make sure they run

3366
01:57:18,310 --> 01:57:17,199
through that

3367
01:57:19,750 --> 01:57:18,320
um

3368
01:57:21,830 --> 01:57:19,760
there's maintenance there's going to

3369
01:57:23,189 --> 01:57:21,840
need to be maintenance on the spacecraft

3370
01:57:25,030 --> 01:57:23,199
that you're flying

3371
01:57:26,790 --> 01:57:25,040
because it's never you're never going to

3372
01:57:28,149 --> 01:57:26,800
be able to put in all the redundancy

3373
01:57:29,270 --> 01:57:28,159
that it's going to fix itself all the

3374
01:57:31,270 --> 01:57:29,280
time you're going to need to take things

3375
01:57:33,430 --> 01:57:31,280
apart much like space station right a

3376
01:57:34,709 --> 01:57:33,440
lot of space station today the crew does

3377
01:57:35,589 --> 01:57:34,719
a lot of the maintenance there today so

3378
01:57:37,430 --> 01:57:35,599
you're going to they're going to have to

3379
01:57:39,189 --> 01:57:37,440
do some of that

3380
01:57:41,109 --> 01:57:39,199
but it's yeah i think that's one of the

3381
01:57:43,750 --> 01:57:41,119
big questions is when you've got a

3382
01:57:44,870 --> 01:57:43,760
year-long mission uh

3383
01:57:46,310 --> 01:57:44,880
i don't think it's certainly not long

3384
01:57:48,790 --> 01:57:46,320
enough to talk about this hibernation

3385
01:57:50,310 --> 01:57:48,800
stuff but uh what else would you do

3386
01:57:51,990 --> 01:57:50,320
one of the other things to keep the crew

3387
01:57:53,669 --> 01:57:52,000
occupied and keep them sharp so it's a

3388
01:57:57,350 --> 01:57:53,679
great question and so maybe he can help

3389
01:57:59,270 --> 01:57:57,360
us as we as we research those things

3390
01:58:01,350 --> 01:57:59,280
one more question it's right here hi i'm

3391
01:58:03,430 --> 01:58:01,360
carrie cucaro from raw science tv and

3392
01:58:06,070 --> 01:58:03,440
i'm wondering we've often heard about

3393
01:58:08,229 --> 01:58:06,080
how much computing and electronics were

3394
01:58:10,229 --> 01:58:08,239
accelerated by the apollo program what

3395
01:58:11,990 --> 01:58:10,239
predictions might you make about orion

3396
01:58:15,669 --> 01:58:12,000
in this mars journey that will be

3397
01:58:19,030 --> 01:58:17,589
well you know what i what i really like

3398
01:58:20,470 --> 01:58:19,040
about

3399
01:58:22,709 --> 01:58:20,480
engineering i'm an engineer what i

3400
01:58:25,350 --> 01:58:22,719
really like about engineering is you

3401
01:58:26,629 --> 01:58:25,360
have to take the theory about what

3402
01:58:28,149 --> 01:58:26,639
somebody says might work and you

3403
01:58:30,709 --> 01:58:28,159
actually have to put it into something

3404
01:58:32,950 --> 01:58:30,719
that actually has to fly and you have to

3405
01:58:35,350 --> 01:58:32,960
face those challenges to make it work so

3406
01:58:37,510 --> 01:58:35,360
i'll give you an example the the network

3407
01:58:39,270 --> 01:58:37,520
on orion as you know the network is how

3408
01:58:40,950 --> 01:58:39,280
the computers talk to each other

3409
01:58:44,950 --> 01:58:40,960
we have a state-of-the-art network that

3410
01:58:47,510 --> 01:58:44,960
was actually an idea about how to get a

3411
01:58:49,910 --> 01:58:47,520
very fast but very reliable ethernet

3412
01:58:51,830 --> 01:58:49,920
capability and it was a called a time

3413
01:58:53,510 --> 01:58:51,840
triggered gigabit ethernet and it was a

3414
01:58:55,030 --> 01:58:53,520
concept that people had started thinking

3415
01:58:57,589 --> 01:58:55,040
about but we actually made it we

3416
01:58:59,669 --> 01:58:57,599
actually built it and now we've actually

3417
01:59:01,830 --> 01:58:59,679
run it and it's actually a capability

3418
01:59:03,990 --> 01:59:01,840
now that that airlines and others can

3419
01:59:05,830 --> 01:59:04,000
use because it's been developed through

3420
01:59:07,030 --> 01:59:05,840
this team uh you know so other people

3421
01:59:08,950 --> 01:59:07,040
had a great idea they were using it for

3422
01:59:10,709 --> 01:59:08,960
other implementations but we needed it

3423
01:59:12,709 --> 01:59:10,719
and we drove it to an implementation so

3424
01:59:14,470 --> 01:59:12,719
those are the kind of things uh what

3425
01:59:16,709 --> 01:59:14,480
will happen to mars it'll be something

3426
01:59:18,709 --> 01:59:16,719
well beyond that i'm sure

3427
01:59:20,470 --> 01:59:18,719
the key i think the key for

3428
01:59:23,830 --> 01:59:20,480
a system like orion

3429
01:59:25,109 --> 01:59:23,840
is it needs to be able to adapt

3430
01:59:27,189 --> 01:59:25,119
because a lot of things are going to

3431
01:59:28,629 --> 01:59:27,199
happen and we need we need to adapt

3432
01:59:30,149 --> 01:59:28,639
because there's a whole bunch of

3433
01:59:32,390 --> 01:59:30,159
technology in the computer world that

3434
01:59:34,149 --> 01:59:32,400
happens outside of nasa

3435
01:59:36,310 --> 01:59:34,159
and it's driven more by these

3436
01:59:37,910 --> 01:59:36,320
communications things that everybody is

3437
01:59:40,070 --> 01:59:37,920
using and we need to take advantage of

3438
01:59:41,669 --> 01:59:40,080
those and build off of those we do have

3439
01:59:42,950 --> 01:59:41,679
special environments like the radiation

3440
01:59:44,390 --> 01:59:42,960
is a big deal so these really fast

3441
01:59:45,830 --> 01:59:44,400
computers are actually very susceptible

3442
01:59:47,990 --> 01:59:45,840
to radiation

3443
01:59:49,830 --> 01:59:48,000
and they have to be highly reliable so

3444
01:59:52,149 --> 01:59:49,840
i think what will the key for us is to

3445
01:59:53,830 --> 01:59:52,159
take those new ideas and put them into

3446
01:59:54,709 --> 01:59:53,840
space application and then make sure

3447
01:59:56,709 --> 01:59:54,719
that we

3448
01:59:58,709 --> 01:59:56,719
open source it so people can use it use

3449
01:59:59,750 --> 01:59:58,719
as an advantage so great question

3450
02:00:00,790 --> 01:59:59,760
because we get we got to be able to

3451
02:00:02,790 --> 02:00:00,800
adapt

3452
02:00:04,070 --> 02:00:02,800
ladies and gentlemen mark ire okay thank

3453
02:00:05,430 --> 02:00:04,080
you

3454
02:00:13,430 --> 02:00:05,440
thanks

3455
02:00:14,390 --> 02:00:13,440
social um hopefully everyone learned

3456
02:00:16,149 --> 02:00:14,400
something a little bit about our

3457
02:00:18,149 --> 02:00:16,159
commercial crew program nasa's journey

3458
02:00:19,669 --> 02:00:18,159
to mars and orion's first flight test

3459
02:00:21,430 --> 02:00:19,679
just a couple quick programming notes

3460
02:00:22,629 --> 02:00:21,440
i'm sure everyone watching and here in

3461
02:00:24,870 --> 02:00:22,639
the room will be up for our television

3462
02:00:26,790 --> 02:00:24,880
broadcast which starts at 4 30 a.m

3463
02:00:30,229 --> 02:00:26,800
eastern time live on nasa television you

3464
02:00:33,109 --> 02:00:30,239
can tune in at www.nasa.gov

3465
02:00:35,430 --> 02:00:33,119
nasa tv excuse me tv

3466
02:00:38,070 --> 02:00:35,440
also remember to use the hashtag orion

3467
02:00:47,350 --> 02:00:38,080
and all your posts and

3468
02:00:49,750 --> 02:00:48,709
we have a short video we're gonna play